The present invention provides: a method for producing an epoxyalkane capable of obtaining an epoxide in a high yield while attaining a high olefin conversion rate and a high selectivity for epoxides even when an olefin includes a long carbon chain, and a solid oxidation catalyst. The method for producing an epoxyalkane of the present invention comprises reacting an olefin with an oxidant in the presence of a solid oxidation catalyst, wherein the solid oxidation catalyst comprises a transition metal and a carrier that supports the transition metal, and the carrier is a composite of a metal oxide with a phosphonic acid.

A method for activating an oxidic fresh hydroprocessing catalyst or the catalytically active material of a spent hydroprocessing catalyst comprising a refractory oxide support and one or more base metals selected from Ni, Co, Mo and W comprises optionally regenerating the catalyst, adjusting an aqueous activating solution, which contains an organic acid, to pH > 3 with an alkaline additive, impregnating the catalytically active material with the pH-adjusted aqueous activating solution, and heat-treating the catalyst at a temperature of 120-450° C.

A method for activating an oxidic fresh hydroprocessing catalyst or the catalytically active material of a spent hydroprocessing catalyst comprising a refractory oxide support and one or more base metals selected from Ni, Co, Mo and W comprises optionally regenerating the catalyst, adjusting an aqueous activating solution, which contains an organic acid, to pH > 3 with an alkaline additive, impregnating the catalytically active material with the pH-adjusted aqueous activating solution, and heat-treating the catalyst at a temperature of 120-450° C.

A cerium-zirconium based mixed oxide composition have: (a) a Ce:Zr molar ratio of 1 or less, and (b) a cerium oxide content of 10-50% by weight. The composition has (i) a surface area of at least 18 m.sup.2/g, and a total pore volume as measured by N.sub.2 physisorption of at least 0.11 cm.sup.3/g, after ageing at 1100° C. in an air atmosphere for 6 hours, (ii) a surface area of at least 42 m.sup.2/g, and a total pore volume as measured by N.sub.2 physisorption of at least 0.31 cm.sup.3/g, after ageing at 1000° C. in an air atmosphere for 4 hours, and (iii) Dynamic Oxygen Storage Capacity (D-OSC) value as measured by H.sub.2-TIR of greater than 500 μmol/g at 600° C. after aging at 800° C. in an air atmosphere for 2 hours. A process contacts the exhaust gas with the composition Another process is for preparing the composition.

The present invention provides a method for producing an oxide catalyst containing antimony, comprising a step (A) of obtaining the oxide catalyst using antimony particles containing a diantimony trioxide as a source of the antimony, wherein an abundance of a pentavalent antimony in a surface layer of the antimony particle to be measured in XPS analysis is less than 70 atom %, and the antimony particle has an average particle size of 1.2 μm or less.

The present invention provides a method for producing an oxide catalyst containing antimony, comprising a step (A) of obtaining the oxide catalyst using antimony particles containing a diantimony trioxide as a source of the antimony, wherein an abundance of a pentavalent antimony in a surface layer of the antimony particle to be measured in XPS analysis is less than 70 atom %, and the antimony particle has an average particle size of 1.2 μm or less.

The invention provides a method for producing an epoxy compound by hydrogen peroxide using an organic compound having a carbon-carbon double bond as a raw material, wherein a by-product is suppressed from being generated and the epoxy compound is produced in a high yield. In particular, the invention provides a method for producing an epoxy compound involving oxidizing a carbon-carbon double bond in an organic compound with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the catalyst comprises a tungsten compound; a phosphoric acid, a phosphonic acid or salts thereof; and an onium salt having an alkyl sulfate ion represented by formula (I) as an anion: ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 is a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbons, which may be substituted with 1 to 3 phenyl groups.

The invention provides a method for producing an epoxy compound by hydrogen peroxide using an organic compound having a carbon-carbon double bond as a raw material, wherein a by-product is suppressed from being generated and the epoxy compound is produced in a high yield. In particular, the invention provides a method for producing an epoxy compound involving oxidizing a carbon-carbon double bond in an organic compound with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the catalyst comprises a tungsten compound; a phosphoric acid, a phosphonic acid or salts thereof; and an onium salt having an alkyl sulfate ion represented by formula (I) as an anion: ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 is a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbons, which may be substituted with 1 to 3 phenyl groups.

By this invention processes are provided for the conversion of carbohydrate to ethylene glycol by retro-aldol catalysis and sequential hydrogenation using control methods having at least one of acetol (hydroxyacetone) and a tracer as inputs.

By this invention processes are provided for the conversion of carbohydrate to ethylene glycol by retro-aldol catalysis and sequential hydrogenation using control methods having at least one of acetol (hydroxyacetone) and a tracer as inputs.