The present invention provides a method for preparing 1,5-pentanediol via hydrogenolysis of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol. The catalyst used in the method is prepared by supporting a noble metal and a promoter on an organic polymer supporter or an inorganic hybrid material supporter, wherein the supporter is functionalized by a nitrogen-containing ligand. When the catalyst is used in the hydrogenolysis of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol to prepare 1,5-pentanediol, a good reaction activity and a high selectivity can be achieved. The promoter and the nitrogen-containing ligand in the supporter are bound to the catalyst through coordination, thereby the loss of the promoter is significantly decreased, and the catalyst has a particularly high stability. The lifetime investigation of the catalyst, which has been reused many times or used continuously for a long term, suggests that the catalyst has no obvious change in performance, thus reducing the overall process production cost.

The present invention provides a method for preparing 1,5-pentanediol via hydrogenolysis of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol. The catalyst used in the method is prepared by supporting a noble metal and a promoter on an organic polymer supporter or an inorganic hybrid material supporter, wherein the supporter is functionalized by a nitrogen-containing ligand. When the catalyst is used in the hydrogenolysis of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol to prepare 1,5-pentanediol, a good reaction activity and a high selectivity can be achieved. The promoter and the nitrogen-containing ligand in the supporter are bound to the catalyst through coordination, thereby the loss of the promoter is significantly decreased, and the catalyst has a particularly high stability. The lifetime investigation of the catalyst, which has been reused many times or used continuously for a long term, suggests that the catalyst has no obvious change in performance, thus reducing the overall process production cost.

An article includes a closed-environment air purification system that has a purifier through which air can be recirculated. The purifier is capable at a temperature of equal or less than 35° C. of converting hydrogen in the air to water and converting carbon monoxide in the air to carbon dioxide. The purifier has a reactor bed that includes media comprised of support particles and a metal catalyst disposed on the support particles.

In an air cleaner, a cassette is removably installed in an air cleaner housing. The cassette holds therein a filter formed by stacking a chemical filter and an air cleaner element. At the time of replacement or inspection of the filter, the cassette is pulled out of the air cleaner housing, and then the filter is removed from the cassette. Further, after completion of the replacement or inspection, the filter is placed in the cassette, and the cassette is installed in the air cleaner housing.

In an air cleaner, a cassette is removably installed in an air cleaner housing. The cassette holds therein a filter formed by stacking a chemical filter and an air cleaner element. At the time of replacement or inspection of the filter, the cassette is pulled out of the air cleaner housing, and then the filter is removed from the cassette. Further, after completion of the replacement or inspection, the filter is placed in the cassette, and the cassette is installed in the air cleaner housing.

A composite oxide catalyst includes Ce that is a first metal, La that is a second metal, and a third metal as contained metals. The third metal is a transition metal, or a rare-earth metal other than Ce and La. A Ce content in the contained metals is higher than or equal to 5 mol % and lower than or equal to 95 mol %. An La content in the contained metals is higher than or equal to 2 mol % and lower than or equal to 93 mol %. A content of the third metal in the contained metals is higher than or equal to 2 mol % and lower than or equal to 93 mol %.

A composite oxide catalyst includes Ce that is a first metal, La that is a second metal, and a third metal as contained metals. The third metal is a transition metal, or a rare-earth metal other than Ce and La. A Ce content in the contained metals is higher than or equal to 5 mol % and lower than or equal to 95 mol %. An La content in the contained metals is higher than or equal to 2 mol % and lower than or equal to 93 mol %. A content of the third metal in the contained metals is higher than or equal to 2 mol % and lower than or equal to 93 mol %.

Catalyst material comprising a ternary spinel mixed oxide for treatment of an exhaust gas stream via direct decomposition removal of NOx to N.sub.2 and O.sub.2. The low temperature (from about 400 C. to about 650 C.), direct decomposition is accomplished without the need of a reductant molecule. In one example, Mn may be incorporated into metal oxide, such as Cu.sub.yCo.sub.3-yO.sub.4 spinel oxide, synthesized using co-precipitation techniques.

Catalyst material comprising a ternary spinel mixed oxide for treatment of an exhaust gas stream via direct decomposition removal of NOx to N.sub.2 and O.sub.2. The low temperature (from about 400 C. to about 650 C.), direct decomposition is accomplished without the need of a reductant molecule. In one example, Mn may be incorporated into metal oxide, such as Cu.sub.yCo.sub.3-yO.sub.4 spinel oxide, synthesized using co-precipitation techniques.

Herein disclosed are compositions for passive NOx adsorption and oxidation that include at least a manganese-based oxide and one or more promoter materials and methods for making and using said compositions. The promotor materials may include a rare earth, transition, or main group metal. The compositions may be used in NOx emission control system and adsorbs NOx compounds at low temperatures and then release NOx at higher temperatures, where the NOx can be oxidized, without the hybridized MnOX composition breaking down. The compositions are capable of maintaining a sufficiently large surface area at high temperatures found in the emissions gas streams of internal combustion engines necessary for the complete elimination of NOx.