A method including hydroformylating, with syngas, allyl alcohol in an allyl alcohol feed, to produce a hydroformylation product comprising 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde and 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropionaldehyde; and producing a 1,4-butanediol (BDO) product comprising BDO and 1,3-methylpropanediol via hydrogenation of at least a portion of the hydroformylation product. A method including hydroformylating, with syngas, allyl alcohol in a feed comprising bio-allyl alcohol, to produce a hydroformylation product comprising 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde and 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropionaldehyde; and producing a BDO product comprising BDO and 1,3-methylpropanediol via hydrogenation of at least a portion of the hydroformylation product. A method including hydroformylating, with syngas, bio-allyl alcohol in a feed comprising bio-allyl alcohol, to produce a hydroformylation product comprising 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde and 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropionaldehyde; producing a BDO product comprising BDO and 1,3-methylpropanediol via hydrogenation of at least a portion of the hydroformylation product; and removing a byproduct of the production of the bio-allyl alcohol prior to hydroformylating the bio-allyl alcohol and/or from the BDO-product.

A multi-functional composite catalyst includes a catalyst support material, a preformed catalyst material at least partially secured in the catalyst support, and at least one catalytically active compound supported by the catalyst support, the preformed catalyst material, or both. The catalyst support material may include fumed silica, alumina, fumed alumina, fumed titania, or combinations of these. A catalytic activity of the catalytically active compound may be different than a catalytic activity of the preformed catalyst material. The composite catalyst may be catalyst for producing propene from 2-butene and may include a zeolite as the preformed catalyst material and a metal oxide, such as tungsten oxide, as the catalytically active material. A method of making the composite catalyst may include aerosolizing a catalyst precursor mixture that includes a preformed catalyst material, catalyst support precursor, and catalytically active compound precursor, and drying the aerosolized catalyst precursor mixture.

A multi-functional composite catalyst includes a catalyst support material, a preformed catalyst material at least partially secured in the catalyst support, and at least one catalytically active compound supported by the catalyst support, the preformed catalyst material, or both. The catalyst support material may include fumed silica, alumina, fumed alumina, fumed titania, or combinations of these. A catalytic activity of the catalytically active compound may be different than a catalytic activity of the preformed catalyst material. The composite catalyst may be catalyst for producing propene from 2-butene and may include a zeolite as the preformed catalyst material and a metal oxide, such as tungsten oxide, as the catalytically active material. A method of making the composite catalyst may include aerosolizing a catalyst precursor mixture that includes a preformed catalyst material, catalyst support precursor, and catalytically active compound precursor, and drying the aerosolized catalyst precursor mixture.

Provided is a method for converting waste plastic pyrolysis oil into light olefins with a high yield. The method includes: (1) inputting waste plastic pyrolysis oil into a reactor; (2) allowing the waste plastic pyrolysis oil to react in the reactor in the presence of a catalytic cracking catalyst containing a first metal and a second metal to form a product; and (3) recovering light olefins by separating the catalytic cracking catalyst and oil from the product obtained in step (2).

Provided is a method for converting waste plastic pyrolysis oil into light olefins with a high yield. The method includes: (1) inputting waste plastic pyrolysis oil into a reactor; (2) allowing the waste plastic pyrolysis oil to react in the reactor in the presence of a catalytic cracking catalyst containing a first metal and a second metal to form a product; and (3) recovering light olefins by separating the catalytic cracking catalyst and oil from the product obtained in step (2).

Photocatalysts and methods of making and using the same are disclosed. The photocatalyst includes a TIO2 ultra-nanoparticle having a single Fe, Co, Mn, Cr, or W atom positioned as an engineered defect within the particle and a single metal catalyst atom bound proximal to the single Fe, Co, Mn, Cr, or W atom. The method of making the photocatalyst includes generating a plurality of ultra-nano TIO2 particles, each having a single Fe, Co, Mn, Cr, or W atom positioned as an engineered defect within the particle. The method further includes photodepositing a single metal catalyst atom proximal to the single Fe, Co, Mn, Cr, or W atom for at least a portion of the ultra-nano TIO2 particles, thereby creating the disclosed photocatalyst. The single metal catalyst atom is in a positive oxidation state and can be Pt, Pd, Ir, Ru, Rh, Os, Re, Au, Ni, Zn, or Cu.

Photocatalysts and methods of making and using the same are disclosed. The photocatalyst includes a TIO2 ultra-nanoparticle having a single Fe, Co, Mn, Cr, or W atom positioned as an engineered defect within the particle and a single metal catalyst atom bound proximal to the single Fe, Co, Mn, Cr, or W atom. The method of making the photocatalyst includes generating a plurality of ultra-nano TIO2 particles, each having a single Fe, Co, Mn, Cr, or W atom positioned as an engineered defect within the particle. The method further includes photodepositing a single metal catalyst atom proximal to the single Fe, Co, Mn, Cr, or W atom for at least a portion of the ultra-nano TIO2 particles, thereby creating the disclosed photocatalyst. The single metal catalyst atom is in a positive oxidation state and can be Pt, Pd, Ir, Ru, Rh, Os, Re, Au, Ni, Zn, or Cu.

The present invention relates to an olefin metathesis reaction catalyst where rhenium (Re) oxide or molybdenum (Mo) oxide is supported, as a catalyst main component, on a surface-modified mesoporous silica or mesoporous alumina support, and a preparation method therefor. The olefin metathesis reaction catalyst of the present invention allows highly efficient metathesis of long-chain unsaturated hydrocarbons having at least eight carbons at a low temperature of 150 C. or lower. The catalyst can be separated readily from reaction solution, regenerated at a low temperature of 400 C. or lower by removing toxins accumulated on it during the metathesis reaction, and used repeatedly in metathesis reaction many times, thereby being made good use in commercial olefin metathesis processes.

The present invention relates to an olefin metathesis reaction catalyst where rhenium (Re) oxide or molybdenum (Mo) oxide is supported, as a catalyst main component, on a surface-modified mesoporous silica or mesoporous alumina support, and a preparation method therefor. The olefin metathesis reaction catalyst of the present invention allows highly efficient metathesis of long-chain unsaturated hydrocarbons having at least eight carbons at a low temperature of 150 C. or lower. The catalyst can be separated readily from reaction solution, regenerated at a low temperature of 400 C. or lower by removing toxins accumulated on it during the metathesis reaction, and used repeatedly in metathesis reaction many times, thereby being made good use in commercial olefin metathesis processes.

The invention relates to a process for converting paraffin to olefin comprising the following steps: (a) providing a hydrocarbon feedstock containing at least one paraffin having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and at least one olefin having 2 to 12 carbon atoms; (b) providing a catalyst containing at least one Group VIA and/or Group VIIA transition metal on a solid support; (c) pretreating the catalyst by contacting the catalyst with at least one reducing gas and at least one oxidizing gas; and (d) contacting the hydrocarbon feedstock and the pretreated catalyst at a temperature in the range of 200 C. to 600 C., preferably 320 C. to 450 C. and to a catalyst for use therein.