Provided are catalyst particles for treating vehicle exhaust gas, containing semiconductor nanoparticles supported by noble metals.

An exhaust gas heating unit for an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine includes a jacket heating conductor element (12) with a jacket (16) and with an electrical heating conductor (14). The electrical heating conductor (14) extends in the jacket (16) and is surrounded by insulating material (18). A heat transfer surface formation (20) is arranged on an outer side of the jacket (16) and is in heat transfer contact with same.

An exhaust gas heating unit for an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine includes a jacket heating conductor element (12) with a jacket (16) and with an electrical heating conductor (14). The electrical heating conductor (14) extends in the jacket (16) and is surrounded by insulating material (18). A heat transfer surface formation (20) is arranged on an outer side of the jacket (16) and is in heat transfer contact with same.

Described herein is a method for obtaining a selective estrogen receptor degrader, and compounds used in preparing the selective estrogen receptor degrader.

Described herein is a method for obtaining a selective estrogen receptor degrader, and compounds used in preparing the selective estrogen receptor degrader.

A composite, zone-coated, dual-use ammonia (AMOX) and nitric oxide oxidation catalyst (12) comprises: a substrate (5) having a total length L and a longitudinal axis and having a substrate surface extending axially between a first substrate end (I) and a second substrate end (O); two or more catalyst washcoat zones (1; 2) comprised of a first catalyst washcoat layer (9) comprising a refractory metal oxide support material and one or more platinum group metal components supported thereon and a second catalyst washcoat layer (11) different from the first catalyst washcoat layer (9) and comprising a refractory metal oxide support material and one or more platinum group metal components supported thereon, which two or more catalyst washcoat zones (1; 2) being arranged axially in series on and along the substrate surface, wherein a first catalyst washcoat zone (1) having a length L.sub.1, wherein L.sub.1<L, is defined at one end by the first substrate end (I) and at a second end (13) by a first end (15) of a second catalyst washcoat zone (2) having a length L.sub.2, wherein L.sub.2<L, wherein the first catalyst washcoat zone (1) comprises a first refractory metal oxide support material and one or more platinum group metal components supported thereon; and the second catalyst washcoat zone comprises a second refractory metal oxide support material and one or more platinum group metal components supported thereon; and a washcoat overlayer (G) extending axially from the first substrate end for up to 200% of the axial length of the underlying first catalyst washcoat layer, which washcoat overlayer comprising a particulate metal oxide loading of >48.8 g/l (>0.8 g/in.sup.3), wherein the particulate metal oxide is an aluminosilicate zeolite including at least one of copper, iron and manganese, wherein a total platinum group metal loading in the first catalyst washcoat zone (1) defined in grams of platinum group metal per litre of substrate volume (g/l) is different from the total platinum group metal loading in the second catalyst washcoat zone (2).

A composite, zone-coated, dual-use ammonia (AMOX) and nitric oxide oxidation catalyst (12) comprises: a substrate (5) having a total length L and a longitudinal axis and having a substrate surface extending axially between a first substrate end (I) and a second substrate end (O); two or more catalyst washcoat zones (1; 2) comprised of a first catalyst washcoat layer (9) comprising a refractory metal oxide support material and one or more platinum group metal components supported thereon and a second catalyst washcoat layer (11) different from the first catalyst washcoat layer (9) and comprising a refractory metal oxide support material and one or more platinum group metal components supported thereon, which two or more catalyst washcoat zones (1; 2) being arranged axially in series on and along the substrate surface, wherein a first catalyst washcoat zone (1) having a length L.sub.1, wherein L.sub.1<L, is defined at one end by the first substrate end (I) and at a second end (13) by a first end (15) of a second catalyst washcoat zone (2) having a length L.sub.2, wherein L.sub.2<L, wherein the first catalyst washcoat zone (1) comprises a first refractory metal oxide support material and one or more platinum group metal components supported thereon; and the second catalyst washcoat zone comprises a second refractory metal oxide support material and one or more platinum group metal components supported thereon; and a washcoat overlayer (G) extending axially from the first substrate end for up to 200% of the axial length of the underlying first catalyst washcoat layer, which washcoat overlayer comprising a particulate metal oxide loading of >48.8 g/l (>0.8 g/in.sup.3), wherein the particulate metal oxide is an aluminosilicate zeolite including at least one of copper, iron and manganese, wherein a total platinum group metal loading in the first catalyst washcoat zone (1) defined in grams of platinum group metal per litre of substrate volume (g/l) is different from the total platinum group metal loading in the second catalyst washcoat zone (2).

Metal oxide nanoarrays, such as titanium oxide nanoarrays, having a platinum group metal dispersed thereon and methods of making such nanoarrays are described. The platinum group metal can be dispersed on the metal oxide nanoarray as single atoms. The nanoarrays can be used to catalyze oxidation of combustion exhaust.

The production method according to the present disclosure comprises obtaining a product containing the fluoroethane from a fluoroethylene by a reaction in the presence of catalysts. Each catalyst is formed by supporting a noble metal on a carrier. A reactor for performing the reaction is filled with a catalyst having a noble metal concentration of C1 mass % based on the entire catalyst and a catalyst having a noble metal concentration of C2 mass % based on the entire catalyst to form an upstream portion and a downstream portion, respectively; and C1<C2. The reaction is performed by bringing the fluoroethylene represented by formula (3) and hydrogen gas into contact with the upstream portion and the downstream portion in this order.

The production method according to the present disclosure comprises obtaining a product containing the fluoroethane from a fluoroethylene by a reaction in the presence of catalysts. Each catalyst is formed by supporting a noble metal on a carrier. A reactor for performing the reaction is filled with a catalyst having a noble metal concentration of C1 mass % based on the entire catalyst and a catalyst having a noble metal concentration of C2 mass % based on the entire catalyst to form an upstream portion and a downstream portion, respectively; and C1<C2. The reaction is performed by bringing the fluoroethylene represented by formula (3) and hydrogen gas into contact with the upstream portion and the downstream portion in this order.