Described are a catalyst capable of effectively oxidizing an exhaust gas, a method for preparing the catalyst, and a method for oxidizing an exhaust gas using the catalyst. The exhaust gas oxidation catalyst includes at least two layers, a lower catalyst layer and an upper catalyst layer, laminated on a three-dimensional structure, wherein the lower catalyst layer and the upper catalyst layer independently contain precious metal and alumina and/or zeolite, and at least a part of the upper catalyst layer contains pores derived from a pore connecting agent with a combustion decomposition temperature of 300° C. or more to less than 450° C.

An organic compound and a manufacturing method thereof, and an organic light emitting diode electroluminescent device are provided. The organic compound has a suitable HOMO energy level and a high hole mobility. Compared with traditional hole transport materials, when the organic compound is applied in a hole transport layer of the organic light emitting diode electroluminescent device, the organic light emitting diode electroluminescent device has enhanced maximum current efficiency, maximum external quantum efficiency, and service lifespans.

An organic compound and a manufacturing method thereof, and an organic light emitting diode electroluminescent device are provided. The organic compound has a suitable HOMO energy level and a high hole mobility. Compared with traditional hole transport materials, when the organic compound is applied in a hole transport layer of the organic light emitting diode electroluminescent device, the organic light emitting diode electroluminescent device has enhanced maximum current efficiency, maximum external quantum efficiency, and service lifespans.

The invention relates to methods of synthesizing 2′-deoxy-2′,2′-difluorotetrahydrouridine with increased purity and uniform particle size distribution. In particular, methods of the invention include crystallization and isolation procedures rendering synthetic reaction intermediates. The invention further includes compositions comprising the final compound in highly pure form, including lower number of impurities and lower levels of individual and total impurities.

Described herein are devices and methods for the efficient and economic generation of lignin monomers from biomass. The provided devices and methods utilize reductive catalytic fractionation with an organic solvent to extract high-quality lignin from biomass and cleave specific lignin bonds to generate valuable lignin monomers with a relatively narrow product slate. Advantageously, the devices and methods described herein utilize solvent recycling, multiple solvolysis chambers with multiple biomass beds and/or physical agitation (e.g., use of a screw extruder) to reduce the amount of solvent required and increase economic efficiency and monomer yield.

Emissions treatment systems of combustion engines are provided, which comprise a platinum-containing catalyst that is degreened during production, which is before exposure to operating conditions of a vehicle having a diesel engine. The platinum-containing catalyst, in the form of a platinum component on a high surface area refractory metal oxide support, exhibits a vibration frequency of about 2085 to about 2105 cm.sup.−1 as measured by CO-DRIFTS. Such catalytic material is essentially-free of platinum oxide species found at greater than about 2110 cm.sup.−1 as measured by CO-DRIFTS. Such catalysts can provide excellent and consistent conversion of nitrogen oxide (NO) to nitrogen dioxide (NO.sub.2).

Emissions treatment systems of combustion engines are provided, which comprise a platinum-containing catalyst that is degreened during production, which is before exposure to operating conditions of a vehicle having a diesel engine. The platinum-containing catalyst, in the form of a platinum component on a high surface area refractory metal oxide support, exhibits a vibration frequency of about 2085 to about 2105 cm.sup.−1 as measured by CO-DRIFTS. Such catalytic material is essentially-free of platinum oxide species found at greater than about 2110 cm.sup.−1 as measured by CO-DRIFTS. Such catalysts can provide excellent and consistent conversion of nitrogen oxide (NO) to nitrogen dioxide (NO.sub.2).

An ozone purification catalyst, and a preparation method therefor and an application thereof are provided. The catalyst coating uses macroporous, high specific surface and CeO.sub.2 and/or La.sub.2O.sub.3 modified Al.sub.2O.sub.3 as the carrier material, and Mn and/or Pd as the active component. The preparation method is to prepare the Al.sub.2O.sub.3-based material by a sol-gel method, and then to load the active components on the carrier material, and to dry, calcinate and solidify to obtain the ozone purification catalyst. The catalysts as prepared shows a fast and efficient purification of ozone. The complete conversion temperature covers a wide range of temperature. The catalyst has excellent texture performance, high specific surface area and large pore volume, which is beneficial to ozone purification when the car is running at high speed. The particle sizes and colors of the catalyst can be modified according to various requirements. According to the actual application, it can be coated on the radiator fins of automobile water tanks, and any place where coating is allowed in public areas such as urban bus stations, stop signs, kiosks, roadside guardrails, or exterior walls of buildings that is in contact with outdoor air.

[Object] To provide a compact and reusable alkene-detection gas sensor that detects an alkene and a system using the same.

[Solving Means] An alkene-detection gas sensor that detects an alkene in a sample gas according to the present invention includes: a first reaction unit that contains a palladium catalyst and oxidizes an alkene in a sample gas to convert the alkene into an aldehyde and/or a ketone; a second reaction unit that contains hydroxylamine salts and reacts with the aldehyde and/or ketone converted in the first reaction unit to generate an acid; and a response unit that includes an electrode supporting a semiconductor material of which an electrical resistance value changes by the generated acid, in which the palladium catalyst, the hydroxylamine salts, and the semiconductor material are separated from each other.

[Object] To provide a compact and reusable alkene-detection gas sensor that detects an alkene and a system using the same.

[Solving Means] An alkene-detection gas sensor that detects an alkene in a sample gas according to the present invention includes: a first reaction unit that contains a palladium catalyst and oxidizes an alkene in a sample gas to convert the alkene into an aldehyde and/or a ketone; a second reaction unit that contains hydroxylamine salts and reacts with the aldehyde and/or ketone converted in the first reaction unit to generate an acid; and a response unit that includes an electrode supporting a semiconductor material of which an electrical resistance value changes by the generated acid, in which the palladium catalyst, the hydroxylamine salts, and the semiconductor material are separated from each other.