The problem of the present invention is to provide an exhaust gas purification catalyst which can exhibit sufficient purification performance under a high Ga condition while having a resistance to stress such as high-temperature and poisonous substances. The present invention relates to an exhaust gas purification catalyst comprising two or more catalyst coating layers on a substrate, wherein a lower catalyst coating layer that is present lower with respect to an uppermost catalyst coating layer has a structure where a large number of voids are included and high-aspect-ratio pores having an aspect ratio of 5 or more account for a certain proportion or more of the whole volume of voids, thereby to improve gas diffusivity in the lower catalyst coating layer.

The present invention is directed to address the following problem: in an exhaust gas purification catalyst comprising a dual catalyst of a combination of a startup catalyst and an underfloor catalyst, reduction in the gas diffusivity of the underfloor catalyst results in reduction in the use efficiency of a catalytic active site, resulting in reduction in purification performance. The present invention relates to an exhaust gas purification catalyst comprising a dual catalyst of a combination of a startup catalyst and an underfloor catalyst having a catalyst coating where a large number of voids are included, wherein high-aspect-ratio pores having an aspect ratio of 5 or more account for a certain rate or more of the whole volume of the voids, to thereby enhance the purification performance of the catalyst.

The present invention is directed to address the following problem: in an exhaust gas purification catalyst comprising a dual catalyst of a combination of a startup catalyst and an underfloor catalyst, reduction in the gas diffusivity of the underfloor catalyst results in reduction in the use efficiency of a catalytic active site, resulting in reduction in purification performance. The present invention relates to an exhaust gas purification catalyst comprising a dual catalyst of a combination of a startup catalyst and an underfloor catalyst having a catalyst coating where a large number of voids are included, wherein high-aspect-ratio pores having an aspect ratio of 5 or more account for a certain rate or more of the whole volume of the voids, to thereby enhance the purification performance of the catalyst.

A method of operating a fuel cell having an anode, a cathode and a polymer electrolyte membrane disposed between the anode and the cathode, includes feeding the anode with an impure hydrogen stream having low levels of carbon monoxide up to 5 ppm, wherein the anode includes an anode catalyst layer including a carbon monoxide tolerant catalyst material, wherein the catalyst material includes: (i) a binary alloy of PtX, wherein X is a metal selected from the group consisting of Nb and Ta, and wherein the atomic percentage of platinum in the alloy is from 45 to 80 atomic % and the atomic percentage of X in the alloy is from 20 to 55 atomic %; and (ii) a support material on which the PtX alloy is dispersed; wherein the total loading of platinum in the anode catalyst layer is from 0.01 to 0.2 mgPt/cm.sup.2.

A method of operating a fuel cell having an anode, a cathode and a polymer electrolyte membrane disposed between the anode and the cathode, includes feeding the anode with an impure hydrogen stream having low levels of carbon monoxide up to 5 ppm, and wherein the anode includes an anode catalyst layer including a carbon monoxide tolerant catalyst material, wherein the catalyst material includes: (i) a binary alloy of PtX, wherein X is a metal selected from the group consisting of rhodium and osmium, and wherein the atomic percentage of platinum in the alloy is from 45 to 80 atomic % and the atomic percentage of X in the alloy is from 20 to 55 atomic %; and (ii) a support material on which the PtX alloy is dispersed; wherein the total loading of platinum group metals (PGM) in the anode catalyst layer is from 0.01 to 0.2 mgPGM/cm.sup.2.

The present invention provides a novel method for chemoselectively hydrogenating cyclic monoterpene precursors with reduced PtO.sub.2 at low temperatures, to yield products in which the alkene groups are saturated while the cyclopropane rings from the parent hydrocarbons are conserved.

The present invention provides a novel method for chemoselectively hydrogenating cyclic monoterpene precursors with reduced PtO.sub.2 at low temperatures, to yield products in which the alkene groups are saturated while the cyclopropane rings from the parent hydrocarbons are conserved.

A NOx adsorber diesel oxidation catalyst for the treatment of an exhaust gas, the catalyst comprising: a substrate comprising an inlet end, an outlet end, a substrate axial length extending from the inlet end to the outlet end and a plurality of passages defined by internal walls of the substrate extending therethrough; a first NOx adsorber (NA) coating, said coating comprising palladium supported on a first non-zeolitic oxidic material comprising ceria; a second NOx adsorber (NA) coating, said coating comprising one or more of an alkaline earth metal supported on a support material and a platinum group metal component supported on a second non-zeolitic oxidic material; and a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) coating, said coating comprising a platinum group metal component supported on a third non-zeolitic oxidic material.

A NOx adsorber diesel oxidation catalyst for the treatment of an exhaust gas, the catalyst comprising: a substrate comprising an inlet end, an outlet end, a substrate axial length extending from the inlet end to the outlet end and a plurality of passages defined by internal walls of the substrate extending therethrough; a first NOx adsorber (NA) coating, said coating comprising palladium supported on a first non-zeolitic oxidic material comprising ceria; a second NOx adsorber (NA) coating, said coating comprising one or more of an alkaline earth metal supported on a support material and a platinum group metal component supported on a second non-zeolitic oxidic material; and a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) coating, said coating comprising a platinum group metal component supported on a third non-zeolitic oxidic material.

A method of manufacturing synthesis gas by catalytic partial oxidation can prevent formation of hot spots from taking place when driving mixture gas to pass through a catalyst-filled layer at high velocity. The method comprises converting mixture gas of source gas containing lower hydrocarbons and oxidative gas containing oxygen into synthesis gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide as main components thereof by causing mixture gas to flow through a fixed bed catalyst layer arranged in a reactor. The method of manufacturing synthesis gas by catalytic partial oxidation is conducted such that the mixture gas is made to flow to the catalyst layer under the condition that the Reynolds number does not exceed 20 at the inlet of the catalyst layer.