Steam-hydrocarbon reforming reactor with a reformer tube containing ceramic-supported catalyst pellets and metal foam particles. The ceramic-supported catalyst pellets have a porous support comprising one or more of alumina, calcium aluminate, and magnesium aluminate. The metal foam particles comprise Fe and/or Ni. The ceramic-supported catalyst pellets and metal foam particles may be layered or interspersed.

Steam-hydrocarbon reforming reactor with a reformer tube containing ceramic-supported catalyst pellets and metal foam particles. The ceramic-supported catalyst pellets have a porous support comprising one or more of alumina, calcium aluminate, and magnesium aluminate. The metal foam particles comprise Fe and/or Ni. The ceramic-supported catalyst pellets and metal foam particles may be layered or interspersed.

Disclosed herein is a catalyst for particulate combustion which is essentially free of platinum group metal compounds and the catalyst comprises a carrier and at least one metal oxide chosen from iron oxide and manganese oxide, and combinations thereof.

Disclosed are non-noble element compositions of matter, structures, and methods for producing the catalysts that can catalyze oxygen reduction reactions (ORR). The disclosed composition of matter can be comprised of graphitic carbon doped with nitrogen and associated with one or two kinds of transition metals. The disclosed structure is a three dimensional, porous structure comprised of a plurality of the disclosed compositions of matter. The disclosed structure can be fashioned into an electrode of an electrochemical cell to serve as a diffusion layer and also to catalyze an ORR. Two methods are disclosed for producing the disclosed composition of matter and structure. The first method is comprised of two steps, and the second method is comprised of a single step.

Disclosed are non-noble element compositions of matter, structures, and methods for producing the catalysts that can catalyze oxygen reduction reactions (ORR). The disclosed composition of matter can be comprised of graphitic carbon doped with nitrogen and associated with one or two kinds of transition metals. The disclosed structure is a three dimensional, porous structure comprised of a plurality of the disclosed compositions of matter. The disclosed structure can be fashioned into an electrode of an electrochemical cell to serve as a diffusion layer and also to catalyze an ORR. Two methods are disclosed for producing the disclosed composition of matter and structure. The first method is comprised of two steps, and the second method is comprised of a single step.

The present disclosure provides a method for preparing a multi-layer hexagonal boron nitride film, including: preparing a substrate; preparing a boron-containing solid catalyst, and disposing the boron-containing solid catalyst on the substrate; annealing the boron-containing solid catalyst to melt the boron-containing solid catalyst; feeding a nitrogen-containing gas and a protecting gas to an atmosphere in which the melted boron-containing solid catalyst resides, the nitrogen-containing gas reacts with the boron-containing solid catalyst to form the multi-layer hexagonal boron nitride film on a surface of the substrate. The method for preparing a multi-layer hexagonal boron nitride film can prepare a hexagonal boron nitride film having a lateral size in the order of inches and a thickness from several nanometers to several hundred nanometers on the surface of the substrate, providing a favorable basis for the application of hexagonal boron nitride in the field of two-dimensional material devices.

The present disclosure provides a method for preparing a multi-layer hexagonal boron nitride film, including: preparing a substrate; preparing a boron-containing solid catalyst, and disposing the boron-containing solid catalyst on the substrate; annealing the boron-containing solid catalyst to melt the boron-containing solid catalyst; feeding a nitrogen-containing gas and a protecting gas to an atmosphere in which the melted boron-containing solid catalyst resides, the nitrogen-containing gas reacts with the boron-containing solid catalyst to form the multi-layer hexagonal boron nitride film on a surface of the substrate. The method for preparing a multi-layer hexagonal boron nitride film can prepare a hexagonal boron nitride film having a lateral size in the order of inches and a thickness from several nanometers to several hundred nanometers on the surface of the substrate, providing a favorable basis for the application of hexagonal boron nitride in the field of two-dimensional material devices.

The invention relates to a method for preparing a catalyst or catalyst precursor comprising a catalytically active material and a carrier material. The invention relates to a catalyst particle and catalyst precursor thereof obtainable by said method. The catalyst may be used in a process for synthesising hydrocarbons.

The invention provides an air purifier (1) comprising a catalytic converter (100), the catalytic converter (100) comprising (i) a catalytically active material (120) and (ii) a heatable material (130) in thermal contact with said catalytically active material (120), wherein the heatable material (130) is heatable by one or more of an alternating electrical field and an alternating magnetic field, the air purifier (1) further comprising a field generator (140), configured free from electrical contact with the heatable material (130) and configured to heat during operation of the air purifier (1) the heatable material (130) by one or more of the alternating electrical field and the alternating magnetic field.

Provided is a photocatalytic composition comprising zinc (Zn) doped titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2) nanoparticles, wherein the ratio of titanium dioxide nanoparticles to zinc is from about 5 to about 150. The photocatalytic composition absorbs electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range from about 200 nm to about 500 nm, and the absorbance of light of wavelengths longer than about 450 nm is less than 50% the absorbance of light of wavelengths shorter than about 350 nm.