In accordance with the present subject matter there is provided a process for producing mono-, di- and triesters of glycerol over a catalyst composition. The catalyst composition including a base catalyst and a support material based on phyllosilicates of montmorillonite structure and the process for preparing the catalyst composition is also described.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing 1,4-butanediol (BDO) by hydrogenating 2-butyne-1,4-diol (BYD) or 4-hydroxybutanal (4-HBA) in the presence of a catalyst of the Raney type having a porous foam structure, wherein the macroscopic pores have sizes in the range of 100 to 5000 μm, and a bulk density of up to 0.8 kg/L.

The invention discloses a core-shell structured catalyst comprising a core covered with a shell. The core is made of hematite, tourmaline, germanium, maifanite or kaolin. The invention also provides a method for preparing the catalyst including mixing raw materials of the core with water to form seed-balls with a particle size of 2-4 mm; mixing the seed-balls with raw materials of the shell and water, such that the seed-balls are covered with the raw materials of the shell to form pellets with a particle size of 3-5 mm; processing the pellets at 60-90° C. and then calcining to active the pellets at 450-550° C. to obtain a core-shell structured catalyst. The invention further discloses use of the core-shell structured catalyst in the ozone oxidation reaction. In the invention, a core-shell structured catalyst with good morphology and catalytic performance is prepared, and the production cost of the catalyst is reduced.

The invention discloses a core-shell structured catalyst comprising a core covered with a shell. The core is made of hematite, tourmaline, germanium, maifanite or kaolin. The invention also provides a method for preparing the catalyst including mixing raw materials of the core with water to form seed-balls with a particle size of 2-4 mm; mixing the seed-balls with raw materials of the shell and water, such that the seed-balls are covered with the raw materials of the shell to form pellets with a particle size of 3-5 mm; processing the pellets at 60-90° C. and then calcining to active the pellets at 450-550° C. to obtain a core-shell structured catalyst. The invention further discloses use of the core-shell structured catalyst in the ozone oxidation reaction. In the invention, a core-shell structured catalyst with good morphology and catalytic performance is prepared, and the production cost of the catalyst is reduced.

An enamel composition having improved cleaning performance, a method of preparing the enamel composition, and a cooking device having the enamel composition are disclosed. The enamel composition includes glass frit and a metal oxide catalyst, wherein the metal oxide catalyst includes at least one of a unary metal oxide or a binary metal oxide, thereby allowing cleaning at room temperature while exhibiting good fouling resistance to allow easy removal of oil contaminants, such as chicken fat.

An enamel composition having improved cleaning performance, a method of preparing the enamel composition, and a cooking device having the enamel composition are disclosed. The enamel composition includes glass frit and a metal oxide catalyst, wherein the metal oxide catalyst includes at least one of a unary metal oxide or a binary metal oxide, thereby allowing cleaning at room temperature while exhibiting good fouling resistance to allow easy removal of oil contaminants, such as chicken fat.

Systems and methods of synthesizing nanoparticles on substrates using rapid, high temperature thermal shock. A method involves depositing micro-sized particles or salt precursors on a substrate, and applying a rapid, high temperature thermal pulse or shock to the micro-sized particles or the salt precursors and the substrate to cause the micro-sized particles or the salt precursors to become nanoparticles on the substrate. A system may include a rotatable member that receives a roll of a substrate sheet having micro-sized particles or salt precursors; a motor that rotates the rotatable member so as to unroll consecutive portions of the substrate sheet from the roll; and a thermal energy source that applies a short, high temperature thermal shock to consecutive portions of the substrate sheet that are unrolled from the roll by rotating the first rotatable member. Some systems and methods produce nanoparticles on existing substrate. The nanoparticles may be metallic, ceramic, inorganic, semiconductor, or compound nanoparticles. The substrate may be a carbon-based substrate, a conducting substrate, or a non-conducting substrate. The high temperature thermal shock process may be enabled by electrical Joule heating, microwave heating, thermal radiative heating, plasma heating, or laser heating.

This invention relates to a carrier for immobilizing a biocatalyst including a Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 yolk-shell structure, to an immobilized enzyme using the carrier, and to realizing an increase in the stability of the enzyme and stability in organic solvents by cross-linking the enzyme. According to this invention, the carrier for immobilizing a biocatalyst and the enzyme immobilized thereon can be reused, have increased stability, facilitate the control of reactivity, pH, and temperature, and can be widely useful in various biochemical engineering industries.

This invention relates to a carrier for immobilizing a biocatalyst including a Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 yolk-shell structure, to an immobilized enzyme using the carrier, and to realizing an increase in the stability of the enzyme and stability in organic solvents by cross-linking the enzyme. According to this invention, the carrier for immobilizing a biocatalyst and the enzyme immobilized thereon can be reused, have increased stability, facilitate the control of reactivity, pH, and temperature, and can be widely useful in various biochemical engineering industries.

Methods of sulfurizing metal containing particles in the absence of hydrogen are described. One method includes contacting a bed of metal containing particles with a gaseous stream comprising hydrogen sulfide and inert gas under reaction conditions sufficient to produce sulfided metal containing particles. The gaseous stream is introduced into a vertical reactor at an inlet positioned at the bottom portion of the reactor and any unreacted hydrogen sulfide and inert gas is removed at an outlet positioned above the inlet. The sulfided metal containing particles can be removed from the reactor and stored.