A heterojunction composite material consisting of one-dimensional In.sub.2O.sub.3 hollow nanotube and two-dimensional ZnFe.sub.2O.sub.4 nanosheets and its application are disclosed. When using this material for catalytic reactions, the hollow cavity and two-dimensional nanosheets of hollow nanomaterials can not only reduce the migration distance to accelerate the electron-hole separation, but also provide a large surface area and rich active sites to promote pollution adsorption and surface catalysis. At the same time, multiple light scattering or reflection in the hollow cavity of the hollow nanomaterials can increase light absorption and utilization. In addition, the heterojunction photocatalyst constructed by growing two-dimensional semiconductor nanosheets on a tubular substrate can promote the effective separation of photogenerated electrons and photogenerated holes, thereby improving the catalytic efficiency. In terms of catalytic performance, In.sub.2O.sub.3 @ ZnFe.sub.2O.sub.4 shows effective degradation of tetracycline, and due to its ferromagnetism, it shows convenient and good separation effect and has good recycling performance.

The reaction rate of hydrocarbon pyrolysis can be increased to produce solid carbon and hydrogen by the use of molten materials which have catalytic functionality to increase the rate of reaction and physical properties that facilitate the formation and contamination-free separation of the solid carbon. Processes, materials, reactor configurations, and conditions are disclosed whereby methane and other hydrocarbons can be decomposed at high reaction rates into hydrogen gas and carbon products without any carbon oxides in a single reaction step. The process also makes use of specific properties of selected materials with unique solubilities and/or wettability of products into (and/or by) the molten phase to facilitate generation of purified products and increased conversion in more general reactions.

The reaction rate of hydrocarbon pyrolysis can be increased to produce solid carbon and hydrogen by the use of molten materials which have catalytic functionality to increase the rate of reaction and physical properties that facilitate the formation and contamination-free separation of the solid carbon. Processes, materials, reactor configurations, and conditions are disclosed whereby methane and other hydrocarbons can be decomposed at high reaction rates into hydrogen gas and carbon products without any carbon oxides in a single reaction step. The process also makes use of specific properties of selected materials with unique solubilities and/or wettability of products into (and/or by) the molten phase to facilitate generation of purified products and increased conversion in more general reactions.

A novel catalyst composition and its use in the dehydrogenation of alkanes to olefins. The catalyst comprises a Group VIII noble metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, iron, cobalt, and combinations thereof, and a metal selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, indium, phosphorous, zinc, and combinations thereof, on a support. The catalyst composition is an active and selective catalyst for the catalytic dehydrogenation of alkanes to olefins.

A novel catalyst composition and its use in the dehydrogenation of alkanes to olefins. The catalyst comprises a Group VIII noble metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, iron, cobalt, and combinations thereof, and a metal selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, indium, phosphorous, zinc, and combinations thereof, on a support. The catalyst composition is an active and selective catalyst for the catalytic dehydrogenation of alkanes to olefins.

Provided is a novel exhaust gas purification catalyst, which uses a Cu-based delafossite oxide, capable of increasing the exhaust gas purification performance compared to the case of using the Cu-based delafossite oxide alone. Proposed is an exhaust gas purification catalyst comprising a delafossite-type oxide represented by a general formula ABO.sub.2 and an inorganic porous material, wherein Cu is contained in the A site of the general formula of the delafossite oxide, one or two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Mn, Al, Cr, Ga, Fe, Co, Ni, In, La, Nd, Sm, Eu, Y, V, and Ti are contained in the B site thereof, and Cu is contained in 3 to 30% relative to the total content (mass) of the delafossite-type oxide and the inorganic porous material.

Provided is a novel exhaust gas purification catalyst, which uses a Cu-based delafossite oxide, capable of increasing the exhaust gas purification performance compared to the case of using the Cu-based delafossite oxide alone. Proposed is an exhaust gas purification catalyst comprising a delafossite-type oxide represented by a general formula ABO.sub.2 and an inorganic porous material, wherein Cu is contained in the A site of the general formula of the delafossite oxide, one or two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Mn, Al, Cr, Ga, Fe, Co, Ni, In, La, Nd, Sm, Eu, Y, V, and Ti are contained in the B site thereof, and Cu is contained in 3 to 30% relative to the total content (mass) of the delafossite-type oxide and the inorganic porous material.

The invention relates to a catalyst material comprising a support, a first metal and a second metal on said support. The first and second metals are in the form of a chemical compound. The first metal is Fe, Co or Ni, and the second metal is selected from the group consisting of Sn, Zn and In. The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) from methane (CH.sub.4) and ammonia (NH.sub.3), wherein the methane and ammonia are contacted with a catalyst according to the invention.

The invention relates to a catalyst material comprising a support, a first metal and a second metal on said support. The first and second metals are in the form of a chemical compound. The first metal is Fe, Co or Ni, and the second metal is selected from the group consisting of Sn, Zn and In. The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) from methane (CH.sub.4) and ammonia (NH.sub.3), wherein the methane and ammonia are contacted with a catalyst according to the invention.

This invention relates to a supported catalyst for synthesizing ammonia (NH3) from nitrogen gas (N2) and hydrogen gas (H2), method of making the support, and methods of decorating the support with the catalyst.