There are provided, for example, a reducing agent that can be used in a chemical looping method, a method of producing a gas using such a reducing agent and a method of increasing conversion efficiency, through which the efficiency of converting carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide is high. The reducing agent of the present invention is a reducing agent that produces valuables containing carbon by reducing carbon dioxide, including a granular support having a plurality of pores and an angle of repose of 45? or more and an oxygen carrier which is supported on the support and has oxygen ion conductivity. In addition, in the reducing agent of the present invention, the support preferably has an average pore size of 0.1 nm or more.

There are provided, for example, a reducing agent that can be used in a chemical looping method, a method of producing a gas using such a reducing agent and a method of increasing conversion efficiency, through which the efficiency of converting carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide is high. The reducing agent of the present invention is a reducing agent that produces valuables containing carbon by reducing carbon dioxide, including a granular support having a plurality of pores and an angle of repose of 45? or more and an oxygen carrier which is supported on the support and has oxygen ion conductivity. In addition, in the reducing agent of the present invention, the support preferably has an average pore size of 0.1 nm or more.

A catalyst for converting carbon oxide into methanol, which is a metal oxide including 3565 parts by weight of Cu, 2050 parts by weight of Zn, 210 parts by weight of Al, and 0.15 parts by weight of Si, wherein the metal oxide further includes In, Ce, or a combination thereof, and the content of In and Ce are independently 0.05 wt %5 wt % based on the total weight of Cu, Zn, Al, and Si in the catalyst. A process of converting carbon oxide into methanol using the above catalyst is also provided.

A catalyst for converting carbon oxide into methanol, which is a metal oxide including 3565 parts by weight of Cu, 2050 parts by weight of Zn, 210 parts by weight of Al, and 0.15 parts by weight of Si, wherein the metal oxide further includes In, Ce, or a combination thereof, and the content of In and Ce are independently 0.05 wt %5 wt % based on the total weight of Cu, Zn, Al, and Si in the catalyst. A process of converting carbon oxide into methanol using the above catalyst is also provided.

An efficient and economical process for H.sub.2 evolution by water splitting, catalyzed by layered oxides that function in UV and visible light.

An efficient and economical process for H.sub.2 evolution by water splitting, catalyzed by layered oxides that function in UV and visible light.

The invention relates to a catalyst material comprising a support, a first metal and a second metal on said support. The first and second metals are in the form of a chemical compound. The first metal is Fe, Co or Ni, and the second metal is selected from the group consisting of Sn, Zn and In. The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) from methane (CH.sub.4) and ammonia (NH.sub.3), wherein the methane and ammonia are contacted with a catalyst according to the invention.

The invention relates to a catalyst material comprising a support, a first metal and a second metal on said support. The first and second metals are in the form of a chemical compound. The first metal is Fe, Co or Ni, and the second metal is selected from the group consisting of Sn, Zn and In. The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) from methane (CH.sub.4) and ammonia (NH.sub.3), wherein the methane and ammonia are contacted with a catalyst according to the invention.

A method for preparing C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 paraffins includes introducing a feed stream including hydrogen gas and a carbon-containing gas selected from carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and mixtures thereof into a reaction zone of a reactor. Converting the feed stream into a product stream including C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 paraffins in the presence of a hybrid catalyst. The hybrid catalyst includes a microporous catalyst component; and a metal oxide catalyst component selected from (A) a bulk material consisting of gallium oxide, (B) gallium oxide present on a titanium dioxide support material, and (C) a mixture of gallium oxide and at least one promoter present on a support material selected from Group 4 of the IUPAC periodic table of elements.

A method for preparing C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 paraffins includes introducing a feed stream including hydrogen gas and a carbon-containing gas selected from carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and mixtures thereof into a reaction zone of a reactor. Converting the feed stream into a product stream including C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 paraffins in the presence of a hybrid catalyst. The hybrid catalyst includes a microporous catalyst component; and a metal oxide catalyst component selected from (A) a bulk material consisting of gallium oxide, (B) gallium oxide present on a titanium dioxide support material, and (C) a mixture of gallium oxide and at least one promoter present on a support material selected from Group 4 of the IUPAC periodic table of elements.