This exhaust gas purifying catalyst is provided with a substrate and a catalyst layer formed on a surface of the substrate. The catalyst layer contains zeolite particles that support a metal, and a rare earth element-containing compound that contains a rare earth element. The rare earth element-containing compound is added in such an amount that the molar ratio of the rare earth element relative to Si contained in the zeolite is 0.001 to 0.014 in terms of oxides.

This exhaust gas purifying catalyst is provided with a substrate and a catalyst layer formed on a surface of the substrate. The catalyst layer contains zeolite particles that support a metal, and a rare earth element-containing compound that contains a rare earth element. The rare earth element-containing compound is added in such an amount that the molar ratio of the rare earth element relative to Si contained in the zeolite is 0.001 to 0.014 in terms of oxides.

In a broad form the present disclosure relates to a stabilized catalyst support comprising in oxide form; aluminum, zirconium, and one or more lanthanoid elements taken from the lanthanoid group of the periodic system characterized in that at least a part of the aluminum is present as transition alumina such as χ, κ, γ, δ, η, ρ and θ-alumina, characterized in the concentration of zirconium being at least 1.5 wt %, 5 wt % or 10 wt %, the concentration of lanthanoid being at least 0.5 wt %, 1.0 wt %, 2 wt % or 4 wt % and the combined concentration of zirconium and lanthanoid being at least 4 wt %, 7 wt % or 10 wt %, with the associated benefit of a support comprising transition alumina being a high surface area due to the small crystallites typical for transition alumina, and the benefit of the combined presence of oxides of zirconium and lanthanoid in the stated amounts being that at these levels these oxides stabilize the structure of the transition alumina.

In a broad form the present disclosure relates to a stabilized catalyst support comprising in oxide form; aluminum, zirconium, and one or more lanthanoid elements taken from the lanthanoid group of the periodic system characterized in that at least a part of the aluminum is present as transition alumina such as χ, κ, γ, δ, η, ρ and θ-alumina, characterized in the concentration of zirconium being at least 1.5 wt %, 5 wt % or 10 wt %, the concentration of lanthanoid being at least 0.5 wt %, 1.0 wt %, 2 wt % or 4 wt % and the combined concentration of zirconium and lanthanoid being at least 4 wt %, 7 wt % or 10 wt %, with the associated benefit of a support comprising transition alumina being a high surface area due to the small crystallites typical for transition alumina, and the benefit of the combined presence of oxides of zirconium and lanthanoid in the stated amounts being that at these levels these oxides stabilize the structure of the transition alumina.

Described is a process for producing 1-(4-isobutylphenyl)ethanol by reacting 1-(4-isobutyl-phenyl)ethanone with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst composition comprising cop-per and one or more metals other than copper, and a use of a respective composition and/or of a pre-composition, the pre-composition comprising a mixture of oxides of copper and oxides of one or more metals other than copper, in a catalytic hydrogenation process for producing 1-(4-isobutylphenyl)ethanol from 1-(4-isobutylphenyl)ethanone.

Disclosed are catalysts, methods, and systems for the bi-reforming of hydrocarbons. The method includes contacting a catalyst material with a reactant feed that includes hydrogen (H.sub.2), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2), methane (CH.sub.4), and water (H.sub.2O) to produce a product stream that has a H.sub.2/CO molar ratio of 1.4:1 to 2:1. The catalyst can have a metal oxide core, a redox metal oxide layer deposited on a surface of the metal oxide core, and a catalytically active metal deposited on the surface of the redox metal oxide layer. A dopant can be included in the redox metal oxide layer. The catalyst can have a corm-shell type structure.

Disclosed are catalysts, methods, and systems for the bi-reforming of hydrocarbons. The method includes contacting a catalyst material with a reactant feed that includes hydrogen (H.sub.2), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2), methane (CH.sub.4), and water (H.sub.2O) to produce a product stream that has a H.sub.2/CO molar ratio of 1.4:1 to 2:1. The catalyst can have a metal oxide core, a redox metal oxide layer deposited on a surface of the metal oxide core, and a catalytically active metal deposited on the surface of the redox metal oxide layer. A dopant can be included in the redox metal oxide layer. The catalyst can have a corm-shell type structure.

The present disclosure relates to an exhaust gas cleaning catalyst having a substrate and a catalyst coating layer coated on the substrate, in which the catalyst coating layer has an upstream-side coating layer formed from the upstream-side end portion of the exhaust gas cleaning catalyst in an exhaust gas flow direction and a downstream-side coating layer formed from the downstream-side end portion of the exhaust gas cleaning catalyst in the exhaust gas flow direction, when the upstream-side coating layer and the downstream-side coating layer overlap each other, the upstream-side coating layer is disposed on the downstream-side coating layer, and the upstream-side coating layer contains a catalytic metal and a ZrO.sub.2—CeO.sub.2 composite oxide in which Fe forms a solid solution.

The present disclosure relates to an exhaust gas cleaning catalyst having a substrate and a catalyst coating layer coated on the substrate, in which the catalyst coating layer has an upstream-side coating layer formed from the upstream-side end portion of the exhaust gas cleaning catalyst in an exhaust gas flow direction and a downstream-side coating layer formed from the downstream-side end portion of the exhaust gas cleaning catalyst in the exhaust gas flow direction, when the upstream-side coating layer and the downstream-side coating layer overlap each other, the upstream-side coating layer is disposed on the downstream-side coating layer, and the upstream-side coating layer contains a catalytic metal and a ZrO.sub.2—CeO.sub.2 composite oxide in which Fe forms a solid solution.

NO.sub.x abatement compositions include cobalt oxide (Co.sub.3O.sub.4) doped with cerium, and have an overall formula Co.sub.3-xCe.sub.-O.sub.4, with cerium occupying tetrahedral and/or octahedral sites in the spinel structure. The NO.sub.x abatement compositions possess NO.sub.x storage and NO.sub.x direct decomposition activity. Dual stage NO.sub.x abatement devices include an upstream portion having the NO.sub.x abatement composition to adsorb and store NO.sub.x at low temperature, and then release the NO.sub.x at higher temperature to a downstream catalytic conversion portion.