A co-deflagration process for the preparation of metallic, ceramic, or mixed ceramic-metallic particles optionally impregnated within or attached to a metallic, ceramic, or mixed ceramic-metallic support material includes mixing at least two components. Each of the components can be any of a nitrogen-rich ligand or a salt thereof, a complex or coordination polymer of the nitrogen-rich ligand or salt thereof with one of the at least one metal, and a cluster of the at least one metal, and optionally an organic or inorganic oxidant, gas generator, pyrotechnic, propellant, and/or explosive.

A co-deflagration process for the preparation of metallic, ceramic, or mixed ceramic-metallic particles optionally impregnated within or attached to a metallic, ceramic, or mixed ceramic-metallic support material includes mixing at least two components. Each of the components can be any of a nitrogen-rich ligand or a salt thereof, a complex or coordination polymer of the nitrogen-rich ligand or salt thereof with one of the at least one metal, and a cluster of the at least one metal, and optionally an organic or inorganic oxidant, gas generator, pyrotechnic, propellant, and/or explosive.

A catalyst for direct decomposition removal of NOx from an exhaust gas stream to N.sub.2 and O.sub.2, the catalyst comprising a dual dispersed supported metal oxide material, which comprises MOx—CuOx dispersed on a CO.sub.3O.sub.4 spinel oxide support, wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Zn, Ce, Mg, Tb, and Gd. The dual dispersed supported metal oxide catalysts have good activity and selectivity for N.sub.2.

A calcium silicate based nickel catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof are provided. The method includes: leaching a silicon based solid waste with an alkali agent to obtain a silicate leaching solution; adding the silicate leaching solution and a nitrate solution corresponding to a lanthanum metal dropwise to a calcium hydroxide suspension for a first precipitation reaction, and subjecting a precipitate produced by the reaction to filtration, drying and calcination to obtain a modified calcium silicate support; and dispersing the modified calcium silicate support in an anhydrous alcohol solvent to obtain a mixed suspension, adding an alcohol solution of a nickel salt dropwise to the mixed suspension for a second precipitation reaction, conducting heating and stirring until alcohols in the anhydrous alcohol solvent and the alcohol solution of a nickel salt are volatilized, and conducting drying and calcination to obtain the modified calcium silicate based nickel catalyst.

The present invention discloses a series of ammonia decomposition catalysts, the method of making such catalysts and the use of such catalysts. The said catalysts are made of composite metal or metal alloys supported on composite oxides or nitrides as the catalyst supports. The catalysts are useful in ammonia decomposition at various temperatures and pressures, including temperatures below 500° C. and pressures up to 30 atm.

The present invention discloses a series of ammonia decomposition catalysts, the method of making such catalysts and the use of such catalysts. The said catalysts are made of composite metal or metal alloys supported on composite oxides or nitrides as the catalyst supports. The catalysts are useful in ammonia decomposition at various temperatures and pressures, including temperatures below 500° C. and pressures up to 30 atm.

A propane gas-utilizing system includes a housing having propane gas and a propane leakage prevention material having a catalyst, scavenger, and/or oxidizer of the propane gas arranged in the housing and including at least one of (a) an oxide material having at least one composition of formula (I): Ru.sub.1-xM.sub.xO.sub.2 (I), where 0<x≤0.1 and M is Ag, K, Pt, Rh, or Ir, or (b) an oxide material having at least one composition of formula (II): Co.sub.3-xM.sub.xO.sub.4 (II), where 0<x≤0.3, and M is Pd, Cu, or Sr, or (c) an oxide material having at least one composition of formula (III): MM′.sub.xO.sub.y (III), where x is a stoichiometric ratio of M′ to M, 0≤x≤1.5, y is a stoichiometric ratio of O to M, 1≤y≤3, M is an alkali metal, and M′ (if x>0) is Y, Ce, Nb, Ta, La, Nd, Mn, Ag, Au, or Cr.

A propane gas-utilizing system includes a housing having propane gas and a propane leakage prevention material having a catalyst, scavenger, and/or oxidizer of the propane gas arranged in the housing and including at least one of (a) an oxide material having at least one composition of formula (I): Ru.sub.1-xM.sub.xO.sub.2 (I), where 0<x≤0.1 and M is Ag, K, Pt, Rh, or Ir, or (b) an oxide material having at least one composition of formula (II): Co.sub.3-xM.sub.xO.sub.4 (II), where 0<x≤0.3, and M is Pd, Cu, or Sr, or (c) an oxide material having at least one composition of formula (III): MM′.sub.xO.sub.y (III), where x is a stoichiometric ratio of M′ to M, 0≤x≤1.5, y is a stoichiometric ratio of O to M, 1≤y≤3, M is an alkali metal, and M′ (if x>0) is Y, Ce, Nb, Ta, La, Nd, Mn, Ag, Au, or Cr.

The present invention generally relates to improved catalysts that provide for reduced product contaminants, related methods and improved reaction products. It more specifically relates to improved direct fuel production and redox catalysts that provide for reduced levels of certain oxygenated contaminants, methods related to the use of those catalysts, and hydrocarbon fuel or fuel-related products that have improved characteristics. In one aspect, the present invention is directed to a method of converting one or more carbon-containing feedstocks into one or more hydrocarbon liquid fuels. The method includes the steps of: converting the one or more carbon-containing feedstocks into syngas; and, converting the syngas to one or more hydrocarbons (including liquid fuels) and a water fraction. The water fraction comprises less than 500 ppm of one or more carboxylic acids.

The present invention generally relates to improved catalysts that provide for reduced product contaminants, related methods and improved reaction products. It more specifically relates to improved direct fuel production and redox catalysts that provide for reduced levels of certain oxygenated contaminants, methods related to the use of those catalysts, and hydrocarbon fuel or fuel-related products that have improved characteristics. In one aspect, the present invention is directed to a method of converting one or more carbon-containing feedstocks into one or more hydrocarbon liquid fuels. The method includes the steps of: converting the one or more carbon-containing feedstocks into syngas; and, converting the syngas to one or more hydrocarbons (including liquid fuels) and a water fraction. The water fraction comprises less than 500 ppm of one or more carboxylic acids.