Oxidative dehydrogenation of paraffins to olefins provides a lower energy route to produce olefins. Oxidative dehydrogenation processes may be integrated with a number of processes in a chemical plant such as polymerization processes, manufacture of glycols, and carboxylic acids and esters. Additionally, oxidative dehydrogenation processes can be integrated with the back end separation process of a conventional steam cracker to increase capacity at reduced cost.

The present invention relates to a catalyst for coating a surface of a porous material and a method of treating the surface of the porous material. More particularly, when the catalyst for coating a surface of a porous material and the method of treating the surface of the porous material of the present invention are used for butadiene synthesis reaction under high gas space velocity and high pressure conditions, heat generation may be easily controlled and differential pressure may be effectively alleviated, thereby providing improved reactant conversion rate and product selectivity.

The present invention relates to a catalyst for coating a surface of a porous material and a method of treating the surface of the porous material. More particularly, when the catalyst for coating a surface of a porous material and the method of treating the surface of the porous material of the present invention are used for butadiene synthesis reaction under high gas space velocity and high pressure conditions, heat generation may be easily controlled and differential pressure may be effectively alleviated, thereby providing improved reactant conversion rate and product selectivity.

A catalyst composition containing cobalt manganese oxide which is modified with silicon in the form of a hydrophilic silica, the catalyst also containing at least one of lanthanum, phosphorus, Fe, Zr, and Zn, and optionally one or more basic elements selected from the group of alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, and transition metals. Also, methods for preparing and using the catalyst composition for producing aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons using the catalyst composition.

The carbon nanotubes according to the present invention can provide higher conductivity by allowing the BET and crystal size to satisfy the conditions expressed by formula 1 below, and consequently, can improve the conductivity of a carbon composite material containing the carbon nanotubes.

L.sub.c[Specific surface area of CNT (cm.sup.2/g)].sup.1/2>80[Formula 1] wherein, L.sub.c is crystal size measured by X-ray diffraction.

The carbon nanotubes according to the present invention can provide higher conductivity by allowing the BET and crystal size to satisfy the conditions expressed by formula 1 below, and consequently, can improve the conductivity of a carbon composite material containing the carbon nanotubes.

L.sub.c[Specific surface area of CNT (cm.sup.2/g)].sup.1/2>80[Formula 1] wherein, L.sub.c is crystal size measured by X-ray diffraction.

A catalyst article comprises an SCR catalyst and a NOx adsorber catalyst, where each of these catalysts comprise a metal molecular sieve, each with a different metal. The catalyst article can be close coupled with other components to give a NO.sub.X performance advantage from cold start to a combined DOC and SCRF system. Higher NO.sub.X conversion is also shown in under-floor location due to NOx storage before SCR light off and selective NH.sub.3 slip control, allowing higher NH3 fill levels. Systems comprising the catalyst article and methods of using the catalyst article to give improved hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide control, as well as ammonia slip control, are described. The systems can include flow-through or wall-flow monoliths.

Process for preparing monoethylene glycol (MEG) by metal-catalyzed reaction of a dialkyl oxalate of the formula I ##STR00001##
where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each, independently of one another, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or isopropyl, with hydrogen (H.sub.2), wherein the dialkyl oxalate (I) is used as melt or as a solution in a solvent, dialkyl oxalate (I) and H.sub.2 are used in a molar ratio of H.sub.2:dialkyl oxalate (I) in the range from 4.0 to 30 and the reaction is carried out continuously in a reactor at a cross-sectional loading of 10 m/s, a temperature in the range from 150 to 270 C., a pressure in the range from 150 to 390 bar and in the presence of a chromium-free heterogeneous catalyst comprising copper.

The present invention discloses a method for improving solar energy conversion efficiency using metal oxide photocatalysts having an energy band of core-shell structure for ultraviolet (UV) ray and visible light absorption, comprising a first process of forming a nanoparticle thin film layer; a second process of preparing a core-shell metal oxide on metal oxide nanoparticles by a plasma reaction under a hydrogen and nitrogen gas atmosphere, and a third process of depositing a transition metal on surfaces of core-shell metal oxide nanoparticles to produce a photocatalyst for energy conversion. A great amount of oxygen vacancies is formed in a shell region by the core-shell metal oxide to achieve effects of improving transfer ability of electron-hole pairs excited by light, and extending a wavelength range of absorbable light to a visible light region by changing a band-gap structure.

The present invention relates to a catalyst for coating a surface of a porous material and a method of treating the surface of the porous material. More particularly, when the catalyst for coating a surface of a porous material and the method of treating the surface of the porous material of the present invention are used for butadiene synthesis reaction under high gas space velocity and high pressure conditions, heat generation may be easily controlled and differential pressure may be effectively alleviated, thereby providing improved reactant conversion rate and product selectivity.