Provided is a method for producing organic molecules having at least two carbon atoms chained together by the reaction of a hydrogen-containing source, a carbon-containing source and an optional nitrogen-containing source in the presence of a nanostructure or nanostructures, wherein the reaction is initiated by heat.

A novel process can be used for producing methacrylates such as methacrylic acid and/or alkyl methacrylates, in particular MMA. The process leads to an increased yield and increased efficiency compared to other C4-based production processes, in particular processes starting from isobutylene or tert-butanol as raw material. The process can be operated for longer periods without disruption and with the same or even increased activities and selectivities. The process can also be executed in a manner that is as simple, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly as possible.

A protonated dimeric ionic liquid that enhances and improves the performance of a fuel cell catalyst. The protonated dimeric ionic liquid comprises 9′9′-(butane-1,4-diyl)bis(3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydro-2H-pyrimido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-1-ium) 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutane-1-sulfonate. Membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) and polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) employing the protonated dimeric ionic liquid are also disclosed.

A new method can be used for producing suitable improved carrier materials as a base material for catalysts for carrying out a direct oxidative esterification. In general, the catalyst is used to convert aldehydes with alcohols in the presence of oxygenic gases directly to the corresponding ester, for example, where (meth)acrolein can be converted to methyl(meth)acrylate. The catalysts used are characterized in particular by high mechanical and chemical stability as well as by good catalytic performance even over very long periods of time. This applies in particular to an improvement of catalyst service life, activity and selectivity in comparison to other catalysts.

The present invention disclosed an improved process for the preparation of bimetallic core-shell nanoparticles by using facile aqueous phase synthesis strategy and their application in catalysis such as selective hydrogenation of alkynes into alkenes or alkanes and CO hydrogenation to hydrocarbons.

The present invention provides a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst comprising greater than about 40% by weight of cobalt, and having a packed apparent bulk density greater than about 1.30 g/mL.

A method for the manufacture of an oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst, the method comprising; providing a metal organic framework (MOF) material having a specific internal pore volume of 0.7 cm.sup.3g.sup.−1 or greater; providing a source of iron and/or cobalt; pyrolysing the MOF material together with the source of iron and/or cobalt to form the catalyst, wherein the MOF material comprises nitrogen and/or the MOF material is pyrolysed together with a source of nitrogen and the source of iron and/or cobalt is disclosed.

A catalyst comprising a noble metal disposed on a support. The noble metal is present in an amount ranging from 0.1 wt % to 10 wt % relative to the total weight of the catalyst. The support comprises at least 50 wt % silicon carbide relative to the total weight of the support. The silicon carbide has a surface area of at least 5 m.sup.2/g. A method for preparing methyl methacrylate from methacrolein and methanol using the catalyst is also disclosed.

A catalyst for production of carboxylic acid ester, containing: catalyst particles containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, palladium, lead, platinum, ruthenium, gold, silver, and copper; and a support supporting the catalyst particles, wherein the catalyst for production of carboxylic acid ester has half-width Wa of pore distribution of 10 nm or less, the half-width Wa being calculated using BJH method from an adsorption isotherm obtained by nitrogen adsorption.

A metal-supported catalyst, a battery electrode, and a battery. The metal-supported catalyst includes: a carbon carrier; and catalyst metal particles supported on the carbon carrier, wherein a ratio of number-average particle diameter of catalyst metal particles to average pore diameter of metal-supported catalyst is 0.70 or more and 1.30 or less, wherein, at relative pressure of a nitrogen adsorption isotherm of metal-supported catalyst within a range of 0.4 or more and 0.6 or less, maximum value of a ratio of a nitrogen adsorption amount of a desorption-side isotherm to a nitrogen adsorption amount of an adsorption-side isotherm is 1.05 or less, and wherein proportion of number of the catalyst metal particles each supported at a position having a depth of 20 nm or more from an outer surface of the carbon carrier to a total number of the catalyst metal particles supported on the carbon carrier is 11% or more.