Disclosed are bulk metal oxide catalysts, and methods for their use, that include at 5 least two or more metals or two or more compounds thereof (M.sup.1, M.sup.2) and having an olivine crystal phase or a spinel crystal phase, or both phases, wherein the bulk metal oxide catalyst is capable of producing the H.sub.2 and CO from the CH.sub.4 and the CO.sub.2 under substantially dry conditions.

The present invention relates to a process for continuous hydrogenation of a nitro compound to the corresponding amine in a liquid reaction mixture comprising the nitro compound in the presence of a supported catalyst which comprises as the active component at least one element from groups 7 to 12 of the periodic table of the elements, wherein the hydrogenation is performed in the presence of at least one salt selected from the group consisting of the salts of the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and of the rare earth metals and to a supported catalyst for continuous hydrogenation of a nitro compound to the corresponding amine in a liquid reaction mixture comprising the nitro compound which comprises as the active component at least one element from groups 7 to 12 of the periodic table of the elements and one salt of the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or of the rare earth metals.

A catalyst comprising a calcined oxide matrix which is mainly alumina and an active phase comprising nickel, said active phase being at least partially co-mixed within said calcined oxide matrix which is mainly alumina, the nickel content being in the range 5% to 65% by weight of said element with respect to the total mass of catalyst, said active phase not comprising any metal from group VIB, the nickel particles having a diameter of less than 15 nm, said catalyst having a median mesopore diameter in the range 12 nm to 25 nm, a median macropore diameter in the range 50 to 300 nm, a mesopore volume, measured by mercury porosimetry, of 0.40 mL/g or more and a total pore volume, measured by mercury porosimetry, of 0.45 mL/g or more. The process for the preparation of said catalyst, and its use in a hydrogenation process.

A method for producing a hydrocarbon liquid fuel including hydrocracking a raw material oil in the presence of a hydrocracking catalyst, at a supplying pressure of hydrogen of from 0.1 to 1.0 MPa, a liquid space velocity of liquid volume of the raw material oil of from 0.05 to 10.0 hr.sup.1, and a flow rate of the hydrogen from 50 to 3,000 NL per 1 L of the raw material oil, wherein the hydrocracking catalyst is produced by a method including stirring a sulfur compound and a cracking catalyst in an aqueous medium to allow liquid-solid separation (step 1); stirring a solid product obtained in the step 1 and a metal component in an aqueous medium to allow liquid-solid separation (step 2); baking a solid product obtained in the step 2 (step 3); and reducing a solid product obtained in the step 3, or reducing a solid product obtained in the step 3, and then subjecting a reduced product to sulfurization treatment (step 4). According to the present invention, the hydrocracking of a raw material oil such as fats and oils and biomass retort oils, or a hydrocarbon or the like in petroleum oils, in a given composition can be accomplished by supplying a low-pressure hydrogen of a normal pressure or so.

A catalyst and a catalyst composition, a method for preparing thereof, and a method for synthesizing of hydrogen peroxide using them are provided. The catalyst and the catalyst composition contains: an alloy of two elements, wherein the elements are Pt (Platinum) and Ni (Nickel). The present disclosure enables (a) replacing a high-priced palladium (Pd) catalyst with a new catalyst, (b) providing a high-active catalyst which catalyzes the direct synthesis reaction of the hydrogen peroxide.

Provided are fuel components, a method for producing fuel components, use of the fuel components and fuel containing the fuel components based on 5-nonanone.

The present disclosure relates to yolk-shell structured catalysts. The yolk-shell catalysts can be particularly useful in the tri-reforming of methane. The yolks can include a primary material (M.sub.1), such as nickel (Ni) or nickel oxide (NiO), and a secondary material (M.sub.2). The shell is generally a porous material that can support the yolk. The shell can include silica (SiO.sub.2) and the secondary material can include ceria (CeO.sub.2). The yolk-shell catalyst can take the form of tube-like structures in which the yolk is dispersed within the shell support in a substantially homogeneous fashion.

A supported catalyst having a calcined, predominantly aluminum, oxide support and an active phase of 5 to 65% by weight nickel with respect to the total mass of the catalyst, said active phase having no group VIB metal, the nickel particles having a diameter less than or equal to 20 nm, said catalyst having a mesopore median diameter greater than or equal to 14 nm, a mesopore volume measured by mercury porosimetry greater than or equal to 0.45 mL/g, a total pore volume measured by mercury porosimetry greater than or equal to 0.45 mL/g, a macropore volume less than 5% of the total pore volume, said catalyst being in the form of grains having an average diameter comprised between 0.5 and 10 mm. The invention also relates to the process for the preparation of said catalyst and the use thereof in a hydrogenation process.

Nanoparticles comprising a platinum group metal and a base metal, catalytic compositions comprising such nanoparticles and a support material, and methods of making such nanoparticles and catalytic compositions are disclosed. Catalytic articles and exhaust gas treatment systems, as well as methods of treating an exhaust gas stream comprising a pollutant using these catalytic articles and exhaust gas treatment systems, are also disclosed.

Disclosed is a method for preparing cellulose and lignin oil by depolymerizing lignocellulose without exogenous hydrogen, including: performing reaction on the lignocellulose dispersed into an aqueous medium at 120? C. to 180? C. under the action of a catalyst; and separating a reaction product to obtain the cellulose and the lignin oil. The catalyst includes a carrier and an active ingredient loaded on the carrier, where the active ingredient is selected from one of platinum, palladium, ruthenium and nickel; the carrier is selected from one of a metal oxide, a metal composite material, silicon dioxide, nitrogen-doped carbon, molybdenum carbide and molybdenum nitride; and the metal oxide is selected from one of niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, tungsten oxide, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide and molybdenum oxide.