Disclosed are a grain boundary and surface-doped rare earth manganese-zirconium composite compound as well as a preparation method and use thereof. A rare earth manganese oxide with a special structure is formed at grain boundary and surface of a rare earth zirconium-based oxide by a grain boundary doping method so as to increase oxygen defects at the grain boundary and the surface, thereby increasing the amount of active oxygen, improving the catalytic activity of the rare earth manganese-zirconium composite compound, inhibiting high-temperature sintering of the rare earth manganese-zirconium composite compound, and improving the NO catalytic oxidation capability. When the rare earth manganese-zirconium composite compound is applied to a catalyst, the consumption of noble metal can be greatly reduced.

A method for preparing biomass graphene by using cellulose as a raw material includes preparing a catalyst solution, carrying out ionic coordination and high-temperature deoxidization on cellulose and a catalyst so as to obtain a precursor, carrying out thermal treatment and pre-carbonization, and carrying out acid treatment and drying to obtain the graphene. The graphene is uniform in morphology with a single-layer or multi-layer two-dimensional layered structure having a dimension of 0.5 m to 2 m, and an electric conductivity of 25000 S/m to 45000 S/m. The graphene can be applied to electrode materials of super capacitors and lithium ion batteries, and can also be added to resin and rubber as an additive so as to improve physical properties of the resin and the rubber.

A method for preparing biomass graphene by using cellulose as a raw material includes preparing a catalyst solution, carrying out ionic coordination and high-temperature deoxidization on cellulose and a catalyst so as to obtain a precursor, carrying out thermal treatment and pre-carbonization, and carrying out acid treatment and drying to obtain the graphene. The graphene is uniform in morphology with a single-layer or multi-layer two-dimensional layered structure having a dimension of 0.5 m to 2 m, and an electric conductivity of 25000 S/m to 45000 S/m. The graphene can be applied to electrode materials of super capacitors and lithium ion batteries, and can also be added to resin and rubber as an additive so as to improve physical properties of the resin and the rubber.

There is disclosed photoactive, one-dimensional zinc and cobalt-based bimetallic oxide and sulfide nanorods (ZnCo.sub.2O.sub.4 NRs, ZnCo.sub.2S.sub.4 NRs) and their heterojunction composites (1D/1D ZnCo.sub.2O.sub.4/ZnCo.sub.2S.sub.4) to be used as photocatalysts for hydrogen production and carbon dioxide reduction using solar energy. Also disclosed herein, is a method of synthesizing these compounds via hydrothermal processes and a self-assembly approach. 1D/1D heterojunctions of ZnCo.sub.2O.sub.4/ZnCo.sub.2S.sub.4 composites exhibit favourable interface interactions. The photocatalytic performance of both pure and composite materials is evaluated through water splitting to produce hydrogen and CO.sub.2 reduction to yield CO and CH.sub.4 using slurry phase and fixed bed photoreactor systems. ZnCo.sub.2S.sub.4 NRs demonstrate superior hydrogen production whereas CO.sub.2 reduction is more pronounced with ZnCo.sub.2O.sub.4. The highest photocatalytic efficiency is achieved using the heterojunction composites attributed to efficient charge carrier separation facilitated by a suitable band structure. The invention underscores the successful synthesis of highly efficient 1D structured materials for photocatalytic applications.

There is disclosed photoactive, one-dimensional zinc and cobalt-based bimetallic oxide and sulfide nanorods (ZnCo.sub.2O.sub.4 NRs, ZnCo.sub.2S.sub.4 NRs) and their heterojunction composites (1D/1D ZnCo.sub.2O.sub.4/ZnCo.sub.2S.sub.4) to be used as photocatalysts for hydrogen production and carbon dioxide reduction using solar energy. Also disclosed herein, is a method of synthesizing these compounds via hydrothermal processes and a self-assembly approach. 1D/1D heterojunctions of ZnCo.sub.2O.sub.4/ZnCo.sub.2S.sub.4 composites exhibit favourable interface interactions. The photocatalytic performance of both pure and composite materials is evaluated through water splitting to produce hydrogen and CO.sub.2 reduction to yield CO and CH.sub.4 using slurry phase and fixed bed photoreactor systems. ZnCo.sub.2S.sub.4 NRs demonstrate superior hydrogen production whereas CO.sub.2 reduction is more pronounced with ZnCo.sub.2O.sub.4. The highest photocatalytic efficiency is achieved using the heterojunction composites attributed to efficient charge carrier separation facilitated by a suitable band structure. The invention underscores the successful synthesis of highly efficient 1D structured materials for photocatalytic applications.

A method for synthesizing carbon nanotubes using a nanoparticle catalyst prepared by vaporizing a catalyst raw material using plasma and then condensing the vaporized catalyst raw material is disclosed. The production method of the present disclosure can make the synthesized carbon nanotubes have high crystallinity; and facilitate their mass synthesis.

A method for synthesizing carbon nanotubes using a nanoparticle catalyst prepared by vaporizing a catalyst raw material using plasma and then condensing the vaporized catalyst raw material is disclosed. The production method of the present disclosure can make the synthesized carbon nanotubes have high crystallinity; and facilitate their mass synthesis.

The present invention provides a transition metal chalcogenide photocatalyst, a reactor using the transition metal chalcogenide photocatalyst, and methods of making and using a transition metal chalcogenide photocatalyst for reforming CH.sub.4 with CO.sub.2.

The present invention provides a transition metal chalcogenide photocatalyst, a reactor using the transition metal chalcogenide photocatalyst, and methods of making and using a transition metal chalcogenide photocatalyst for reforming CH.sub.4 with CO.sub.2.

A method for making a nanocatalyst includes the steps of forming a mixture of a catalyst precursor, and a crude oil media, wherein the catalyst precursor is insoluble in the oil media, then heating the mixture in the presence of a stability agent, thereby liberating the catalyst particles from the precursor while the stabilizing agent prevents growth of the catalyst particle so that nanocatalyst particles form and are maintained in the oil media. The resulting catalyst composition as well as a hydroconversion process using the catalyst are also disclosed.