The present invention relates to a hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst comprising in its unreduced form a) Fe as catalytically active metal, b) an alkali metal and/or alkaline-earth metal in an alkali metal- and/or alkaline-earth metal-containing promoter, the alkali metal, c) and a further promoter comprising, or consisting of, one or more element(s) selected from the group of boron, germanium, nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, sulphur, selenium and tellurium, to a process for the synthesis of a hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst, to a hydrocarbon synthesis process which is operated in the present of such a catalyst and to the use of such a catalyst in a hydrocarbon synthesis process.

The present invention relates to a hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst comprising in its unreduced form a) Fe as catalytically active metal, b) an alkali metal and/or alkaline-earth metal in an alkali metal- and/or alkaline-earth metal-containing promoter, the alkali metal, c) and a further promoter comprising, or consisting of, one or more element(s) selected from the group of boron, germanium, nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, sulphur, selenium and tellurium, to a process for the synthesis of a hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst, to a hydrocarbon synthesis process which is operated in the present of such a catalyst and to the use of such a catalyst in a hydrocarbon synthesis process.

A lignocellulosic starting material can be converted into an aqueous phase and a hydrocarbon phase in a one-step process by subjecting a mixture of the lignocellulosic starting material, an amorphous and unsupported sulfided nickel-molybdenum catalyst, and optionally a co-feed, to not less than a stoichiometric amount of hydrogen, elevated pressure and a temperature in the interval of 350-450° C. A novel catalyst for use in said process and a method for its production are also disclosed.

The invention describes a process for the photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide carried out in the liquid phase and/or in the gas phase under irradiation employing a photocatalyst of microporous crystalline metal sulfide type, said process being carried out by bringing a charge containing the CO.sub.2 and at least one sacrificial compound into contact with said photocatalyst, then by irradiating the photocatalyst by at least one irradiation source producing at least one wavelength lower than the bandgap width of said photocatalyst, so as to reduce the CO.sub.2 and to oxidize the sacrificial compound, so as to produce an effluent containing, at least in part, C.sub.1 or more carbon-based molecules other than CO.sub.2.

Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to catalyst compositions including metal chalcogenides, processes for producing such catalyst compositions, processes for enhancing catalytic active sites in such catalyst compositions, and uses of such catalyst compositions in, e.g., processes for producing conversion products. In an aspect, a process for forming a catalyst composition is provided. The process includes introducing an electrolyte material and an amphiphile material to a metal chalcogenide to form the catalyst composition. In another aspect, a catalyst composition is provided. The catalyst composition includes a metal chalcogenide, an electrolyte material, and an amphiphile material. Devices for hydrogen evolution reaction are also provided.

Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to catalyst compositions including metal chalcogenides, processes for producing such catalyst compositions, processes for enhancing catalytic active sites in such catalyst compositions, and uses of such catalyst compositions in, e.g., processes for producing conversion products. In an aspect, a process for forming a catalyst composition is provided. The process includes introducing an electrolyte material and an amphiphile material to a metal chalcogenide to form the catalyst composition. In another aspect, a catalyst composition is provided. The catalyst composition includes a metal chalcogenide, an electrolyte material, and an amphiphile material. Devices for hydrogen evolution reaction are also provided.

Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to catalyst compositions including metal chalcogenides, processes for producing such catalyst compositions, processes for enhancing catalytic active sites in such catalyst compositions, and uses of such catalyst compositions in, e.g., processes for producing conversion products. In an aspect, a process for forming a catalyst composition is provided. The process includes introducing an electrolyte material and an amphiphile material to a metal chalcogenide to form the catalyst composition. In another aspect, a catalyst composition is provided. The catalyst composition includes a metal chalcogenide, an electrolyte material, and an amphiphile material. Devices for hydrogen evolution reaction are also provided.

Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to catalyst compositions including metal chalcogenides, processes for producing such catalyst compositions, processes for enhancing catalytic active sites in such catalyst compositions, and uses of such catalyst compositions in, e.g., processes for producing conversion products. In an aspect, a process for forming a catalyst composition is provided. The process includes introducing an electrolyte material and an amphiphile material to a metal chalcogenide to form the catalyst composition. In another aspect, a catalyst composition is provided. The catalyst composition includes a metal chalcogenide, an electrolyte material, and an amphiphile material. Devices for hydrogen evolution reaction are also provided.

The invention relates to a catalyst system for electrocatalyzing conversion of CO.sub.2 into multi-carbon hydrocarbons and/or alcohols, and to the method to produce it. The catalyst comprises a core-shell structure comprising a core that is composed of metal sulphide and a shell that is composed of a metal with vacancies.

The present invention relates to a hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst comprising in its unreduced form a) Fe as catalytically active metal, b) an alkali metal and/or alkaline-earth metal in an alkali metal- and/or alkaline-earth metal-containing promoter, the alkali metal, c) and a further promoter comprising, or consisting of, one or more element(s) selected from the group of boron, germanium, nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, sulphur, selenium and tellurium, to a process for the synthesis of a hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst, to a hydrocarbon synthesis process which is operated in the present of such a catalyst and to the use of such a catalyst in a hydrocarbon synthesis process.