The present application provides a process of preparing 3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene, comprising reacting 3-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane with a base in an aqueous solvent component in the absence of a phase transfer catalyst.

Catalysts and method of preparing the catalysts are disclosed. One of the catalysts includes a zeolite support, a Group VIII metal on the zeolite support, and at least two halides bound to the zeolite support, to the Group VIII metal, or to both, and can have an average crush strength greater than 11.25 lb based on at least two samples of pellets of the catalyst measured in accordance with ASTM D4179.

Methods for producing supported catalysts containing a transition metal and a bound zeolite base are disclosed. These methods employ a step of impregnating the bound zeolite base with the transition metal, fluorine, and high loadings of chlorine. The resultant high chlorine content supported catalysts have improved catalyst activity in aromatization reactions.

Methods for producing supported catalysts containing a transition metal and a bound zeolite base are disclosed. These methods employ a step of impregnating the bound zeolite base with the transition metal, fluorine, and high loadings of chlorine. The resultant high chlorine content supported catalysts have improved catalyst activity in aromatization reactions.

A carbonaceous material, based on the total weight of the carbonaceous material, contains 1-99 wt % of a carbon element, 0.2-60 wt % of a magnesium element, 0.5-60 wt % of an oxygen element and 0.1-40 wt % of a chlorine element. The process for preparing the carbonaceous material include (1) Mixing a solid carbon source, a precursor and water to produce a mixture; wherein said precursor contains a magnesium source and a chlorine source; (2) Drying the resulting mixture obtained in Step (1) to produce a dried mixture; and (3) Calcining the dried mixture obtained in Step (2). The carbonaceous material can be used in catalytic oxidation of hydrocarbons.

A carbonaceous material, based on the total weight of the carbonaceous material, contains 1-99 wt % of a carbon element, 0.2-60 wt % of a magnesium element, 0.5-60 wt % of an oxygen element and 0.1-40 wt % of a chlorine element. The process for preparing the carbonaceous material include (1) Mixing a solid carbon source, a precursor and water to produce a mixture; wherein said precursor contains a magnesium source and a chlorine source; (2) Drying the resulting mixture obtained in Step (1) to produce a dried mixture; and (3) Calcining the dried mixture obtained in Step (2). The carbonaceous material can be used in catalytic oxidation of hydrocarbons.

Methods for producing butadiene by the oxidative dehydrogenation of butene are provided. Methods for producing butadiene from a feed stream including oxygen and butene in a molar ratio of oxygen to butene (O.sub.2/C.sub.4H.sub.8) from about 0.9 to about 1.5 can include introducing the feed stream to a catalyst in the presence of steam. The molar ratio of steam to butene (H.sub.2O/C.sub.4H.sub.8) can be from about 10 to about 20. Methods can further include reacting the butene to generate a product stream therefrom comprising butadiene and water. Methods can further include separating water from the product stream to generate a butadiene stream including greater than about 85 wt-% butadiene.

Methods for producing butadiene by the oxidative dehydrogenation of butene are provided. Methods for producing butadiene from a feed stream including oxygen and butene in a molar ratio of oxygen to butene (O.sub.2/C.sub.4H.sub.8) from about 0.9 to about 1.5 can include introducing the feed stream to a catalyst in the presence of steam. The molar ratio of steam to butene (H.sub.2O/C.sub.4H.sub.8) can be from about 10 to about 20. Methods can further include reacting the butene to generate a product stream therefrom comprising butadiene and water. Methods can further include separating water from the product stream to generate a butadiene stream including greater than about 85 wt-% butadiene.

A method of preparing a bound zeolite support comprising: contacting a zeolite powder with a binder and water to form a paste; shaping the paste to form an wet extruded base; removing excess water from the wet extruded base to form an extruded base; contacting the extruded base with a fluorine-containing compound to form a fluorinated extruded base; calcining the extruded base to form a calcined fluorinated extruded base; washing the calcined fluorinated extruded base to form a washed calcined fluorinated extruded base; drying the washed calcined fluorinated extruded base to form a dried washed calcined fluorinated extruded base; and calcining the dried washed calcined fluorinated extruded base to form a bound zeolite support.

A method of chlorinating a antimony fluorohalide catalyst is disclosed. In one embodiment the method comprises contacting an antimony fluorohalide catalyst that contains one or more fluorines with a regenerating agent chosen from 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (1233xf), 1,1,1,3-tetrachloropropane (250fb), 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane (HCFC-244bb) and combinations of 1233xf, 250fb, and 244bb, under conditions effective to exchange at least one fluorine in the antimony fluorohalide catalyst with chlorine. The method can be used to regenerate spent antimony fluorohalide catalyst, for example regenerating SbCl.sub.5 from SbF.sub.5.