A regenerator vessel for adsorbing halogen-containing material from a regenerator vent gas stream has a plurality of catalyst nozzles disposed at a top portion of the regenerator vessel. A first gas outlet is associated with a chlorination zone, and a second gas outlet associated with a combustion zone. A drying zone is in fluid communication with an air heater and the drying zone located in a bottom portion of the regenerator vessel. The first gas outlet is configured to withdraw a first gas stream from the chlorination zone and the second gas outlet is configured to withdraw a second gas stream from the combustion zone. The top portion of the regenerator vessel has an adsorption zone having a vent gas inlet port, a vent gas outlet port, and a portion of an annular catalyst bed.

The invention provides a catalyst for ammonia synthesis which has a high ammonia synthesis activity even at a low reaction temperature and a low reaction pressure and shows no decrease in the catalytic activity even when the synthesis reaction is repeated. The catalyst for ammonia synthesis comprises a metal supported material containing a transition metal and a support for supporting the transition metal. The support contains a metal hydride represented by XH.sub.n and an F ion. In the formula, X represents at least one kind selected from the group consisting of atoms of Group 2 and Group 3 of the periodic table, and lanthanoid atoms; and n represents a number represented by 2≤n≤3.

The invention provides a catalyst for ammonia synthesis which has a high ammonia synthesis activity even at a low reaction temperature and a low reaction pressure and shows no decrease in the catalytic activity even when the synthesis reaction is repeated. The catalyst for ammonia synthesis comprises a metal supported material containing a transition metal and a support for supporting the transition metal. The support contains a metal hydride represented by XH.sub.n and an F ion. In the formula, X represents at least one kind selected from the group consisting of atoms of Group 2 and Group 3 of the periodic table, and lanthanoid atoms; and n represents a number represented by 2≤n≤3.

The present invention pertains to a novel process of manufacturing the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf). The compound 1234yf is the newest refrigerant with zero OPD (Ozone Depleting Potential) and zero GWP (Global Warming Potential). Thus, the invention relates to a process, involving a carbene generation route, for the manufacture of the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf), of the compound 243db (2,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane), and optionally of the compound 2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropene (1233xf) via carbene route and compound 243db (2,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane). The invention also relates to a process for the manufacture of the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf), wherein the compound 243db (2,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane) serves as a starting material, for the manufacture of the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf). Further, the invention relates to a process for the manufacture of the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf), and of the compound 243db (2,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane), the initial starting materials are selected from the group consisting of com-pound 123 (2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane), compound 124 (2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane), and compound 125 (pentafluoroethane).

The present invention pertains to a novel process of manufacturing the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf). The compound 1234yf is the newest refrigerant with zero OPD (Ozone Depleting Potential) and zero GWP (Global Warming Potential). Thus, the invention relates to a process, involving a carbene generation route, for the manufacture of the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf), of the compound 243db (2,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane), and optionally of the compound 2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropene (1233xf) via carbene route and compound 243db (2,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane). The invention also relates to a process for the manufacture of the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf), wherein the compound 243db (2,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane) serves as a starting material, for the manufacture of the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf). Further, the invention relates to a process for the manufacture of the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf), and of the compound 243db (2,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane), the initial starting materials are selected from the group consisting of com-pound 123 (2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane), compound 124 (2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane), and compound 125 (pentafluoroethane).

The present invention is directed to methods of producing THC from CBD utilizing non-harsh methodology and resulting in substantially increased yields, as well as devices built upon these novel methods. The methods and devices are material efficient, and in certain embodiments, solvent-free. In particular, in certain embodiments, these methods and related devices are suitable for commercial production of THC from CBD. Furthermore, in certain embodiments, the present invention provides methods of producing THC from CBD in manner that affords tunability to select the ratio of THC-8 to THC-9.

The present invention is directed to methods of producing THC from CBD utilizing non-harsh methodology and resulting in substantially increased yields, as well as devices built upon these novel methods. The methods and devices are material efficient, and in certain embodiments, solvent-free. In particular, in certain embodiments, these methods and related devices are suitable for commercial production of THC from CBD. Furthermore, in certain embodiments, the present invention provides methods of producing THC from CBD in manner that affords tunability to select the ratio of THC-8 to THC-9.

A method for producing tricyclo[5.2.1.0.sup.2,6]decane-2-carboxylate according to the present invention is a method for producing tricyclo[5.2.1.0.sup.2,6]decane-2-carboxylate, containing reacting tricyclo[5.2.1.0.sup.2,6]deca-3-ene in a dilute solution containing the tricyclo[5.2.1.0.sup.2,6]deca-3-ene with carbon monoxide in the presence of an acid catalyst, followed by reaction with an alcohol, wherein the dilute solution contains 100 parts by mass or more of a tricyclo[5.2.1.0.sup.2,6]decane isomer mixture based on 100 parts by mass of the tricyclo[5.2.1.0.sup.2,6]deca-3-ene, the tricyclo[5.2.1.0.sup.2,6]decane isomer mixture contains endo-tricyclo[5.2.1.0.sup.2,6]decane (Endo form of TCD) and exo-tricyclo[5.2.1.0.sup.2,6]decane (Exo form of TCD), and a constituent ratio thereof (Endo form of TCD/Exo form of TCD) is greater than 1.0.

A method for producing tricyclo[5.2.1.0.sup.2,6]decane-2-carboxylate according to the present invention is a method for producing tricyclo[5.2.1.0.sup.2,6]decane-2-carboxylate, containing reacting tricyclo[5.2.1.0.sup.2,6]deca-3-ene in a dilute solution containing the tricyclo[5.2.1.0.sup.2,6]deca-3-ene with carbon monoxide in the presence of an acid catalyst, followed by reaction with an alcohol, wherein the dilute solution contains 100 parts by mass or more of a tricyclo[5.2.1.0.sup.2,6]decane isomer mixture based on 100 parts by mass of the tricyclo[5.2.1.0.sup.2,6]deca-3-ene, the tricyclo[5.2.1.0.sup.2,6]decane isomer mixture contains endo-tricyclo[5.2.1.0.sup.2,6]decane (Endo form of TCD) and exo-tricyclo[5.2.1.0.sup.2,6]decane (Exo form of TCD), and a constituent ratio thereof (Endo form of TCD/Exo form of TCD) is greater than 1.0.

Methods of making polyisobutylene and catalyst systems are described. Polyisobutylene compositions and catalyst system compositions are also described. In some embodiments, a method of making a catalyst system includes: providing a support material; calcining the support material; and forming a catalyst system by adding to the support material (a) a mixture comprising BF.sub.3, (b) a mixture comprising BF.sub.3 and a complexing agent, or (c) both. In some embodiments, a method of making a polymer composition includes providing a catalyst system comprising: (a) a support material selected from the group consisting of Al.sub.2O.sub.3, ZrO.sub.2, TiO.sub.2, SnO.sub.2, CeO.sub.2, SiO.sub.2, SiO.sub.2/Al.sub.2O.sub.3, and combinations thereof; and (b) BF.sub.3; providing a feedstock comprising isobutylene; forming a reaction mixture comprising the feedstock and the catalyst system; contacting the isobutylene with the catalyst system; and obtaining a polymer composition.