A catalyst composition containing cobalt manganese oxide which is modified with silicon in the form of a hydrophilic silica, the catalyst also containing at least one of lanthanum, phosphorus, Fe, Zr, and Zn, and optionally one or more basic elements selected from the group of alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, and transition metals. Also, methods for preparing and using the catalyst composition for producing aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons using the catalyst composition.

A catalyst composition containing cobalt manganese oxide which is modified with silicon in the form of a hydrophilic silica, the catalyst also containing at least one of lanthanum, phosphorus, Fe, Zr, and Zn, and optionally one or more basic elements selected from the group of alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, and transition metals. Also, methods for preparing and using the catalyst composition for producing aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons using the catalyst composition.

Disclosed is a catalyst for desulfurization, including (a) an oxide selected from among SiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, TiO.sub.2, MgO, MnO, CaO, Na.sub.2O, K.sub.2O and P.sub.2O.sub.3, (b) a metal selected from among Li, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Sr, Cd and Pb, and (c) a liquid compound selected from among sodium tetraborate (Na.sub.2B.sub.4O.sub.7.10H.sub.2O), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium silicate (Na.sub.2SiO.sub.3) and hydrogen peroxide (H.sub.2O.sub.2). The catalyst of the invention has a 2:1 type layered structure in which one octahedral layer is interposed between two tetrahedral layers and which has a net negative charge due to occupation of only two of three positively charged sites in the octahedral layer, and the catalyst for desulfurization is provided in the form of a metal chelate compound through chelation with a metal ion, whereby sulfur oxide (SO.sub.x) can be adsorbed and removed at high efficiency upon combustion of a combustible substance.

Metal-doped hydroxyapatite catalysts for isobutanol and propanol synthesis have been developed which exhibit good isobutanol yield in propanol-methanol and ethanol-methanol reactions. The metal-doped hydroxyapatites include, but are not limited to, one or more of metal-doped Mg.sub.xPO.sub.y, Ca.sub.xPO.sub.y, Sr.sub.xPO.sub.y and Ba.sub.xPO.sub.y. The metal-doped hydroxyapatites may have different phosphorus to alkaline earth ratios. Methods for making isobutanol and propanol using the metal-doped hydroxyapatite catalysts are also provided.

Metal-doped hydroxyapatite catalysts for isobutanol and propanol synthesis have been developed which exhibit good isobutanol yield in propanol-methanol and ethanol-methanol reactions. The metal-doped hydroxyapatites include, but are not limited to, one or more of metal-doped Mg.sub.xPO.sub.y, Ca.sub.xPO.sub.y, Sr.sub.xPO.sub.y and Ba.sub.xPO.sub.y. The metal-doped hydroxyapatites may have different phosphorus to alkaline earth ratios. Methods for making isobutanol and propanol using the metal-doped hydroxyapatite catalysts are also provided.

The method disclosed herein relates to two stage catalytic processes for converting syngas to acetic acid, acrylic acid and/or propylene. More specifically, the method described and claimed herein relate to a method of producing acrylic acid and acetic acid comprising the steps of: a) providing a feedstream comprising syngas; b) contacting the feedstream with a first catalyst to produce a first product stream comprising C.sub.2-C.sub.3 olefins and/or C.sub.2-C.sub.3 paraffins; and c) contacting the first product stream with oxygen gas and a second catalyst, thereby producing a second product stream comprising acrylic acid and acetic acid, wherein there is no step for separating the components of the first product stream before the first product stream is contacted with the second catalyst.

The method disclosed herein relates to two stage catalytic processes for converting syngas to acetic acid, acrylic acid and/or propylene. More specifically, the method described and claimed herein relate to a method of producing acrylic acid and acetic acid comprising the steps of: a) providing a feedstream comprising syngas; b) contacting the feedstream with a first catalyst to produce a first product stream comprising C.sub.2-C.sub.3 olefins and/or C.sub.2-C.sub.3 paraffins; and c) contacting the first product stream with oxygen gas and a second catalyst, thereby producing a second product stream comprising acrylic acid and acetic acid, wherein there is no step for separating the components of the first product stream before the first product stream is contacted with the second catalyst.

Proposed is a catalyst for capture and conversion of carbon dioxide capable of removing carbon dioxide and converting carbon dioxide into other useful materials at the same time by capturing and converting carbon dioxide in flue gas generated during fossil fuel combustion into a carbon resource and a catalyst for capture and conversion of carbon dioxide manufactured by the method of the same. The catalyst for capture and conversion of carbon dioxide according to the present disclosure can reduce carbon dioxide by capturing carbon dioxide in flue gas generated during fossil fuel combustion. It is possible to convert the captured carbon dioxide into other useful materials by converting the collected carbon dioxide into sodium carbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate as carbon resources.

A oxygen transfer agent useful for the oxidative dehydrogenation of saturated hydrocarbons includes at least one mixed oxide derived from manganese or compounds thereof, as well as a promoter, such as tungsten and/or phosphorus. The oxygen transfer agent may also include an alkali metal or compounds thereof, boron or compounds thereof, an oxide of an alkaline earth metal, and an oxide containing one or more of one or more of manganese, lithium, boron, and magnesium. A reactor is at least partially filled with the oxygen transfer agent in the form of a fixed or circulating bed and provides an unsaturated hydrocarbon product, such as ethylene and/or propylene. The oxygen transfer agent may be regenerated using oxygen.

A oxygen transfer agent useful for the oxidative dehydrogenation of saturated hydrocarbons includes at least one mixed oxide derived from manganese or compounds thereof, as well as a promoter, such as tungsten and/or phosphorus. The oxygen transfer agent may also include an alkali metal or compounds thereof, boron or compounds thereof, an oxide of an alkaline earth metal, and an oxide containing one or more of one or more of manganese, lithium, boron, and magnesium. A reactor is at least partially filled with the oxygen transfer agent in the form of a fixed or circulating bed and provides an unsaturated hydrocarbon product, such as ethylene and/or propylene. The oxygen transfer agent may be regenerated using oxygen.