Disclosed are a grain boundary and surface-doped rare earth manganese-zirconium composite compound as well as a preparation method and use thereof. A rare earth manganese oxide with a special structure is formed at grain boundary and surface of a rare earth zirconium-based oxide by a grain boundary doping method so as to increase oxygen defects at the grain boundary and the surface, thereby increasing the amount of active oxygen, improving the catalytic activity of the rare earth manganese-zirconium composite compound, inhibiting high-temperature sintering of the rare earth manganese-zirconium composite compound, and improving the NO catalytic oxidation capability. When the rare earth manganese-zirconium composite compound is applied to a catalyst, the consumption of noble metal can be greatly reduced.

Disclosed are a grain boundary and surface-doped rare earth manganese-zirconium composite compound as well as a preparation method and use thereof. A rare earth manganese oxide with a special structure is formed at grain boundary and surface of a rare earth zirconium-based oxide by a grain boundary doping method so as to increase oxygen defects at the grain boundary and the surface, thereby increasing the amount of active oxygen, improving the catalytic activity of the rare earth manganese-zirconium composite compound, inhibiting high-temperature sintering of the rare earth manganese-zirconium composite compound, and improving the NO catalytic oxidation capability. When the rare earth manganese-zirconium composite compound is applied to a catalyst, the consumption of noble metal can be greatly reduced.

Disclosed herein is a mixed phosphate catalyst for converting lactic acid to acrylic acid, which is characterized by a high conversion of lactic acid, a high selectivity for acrylic acid, a high yield of acrylic acid, and correspondingly low selectivity and molar yields for undesired by-products. This is achieved with a particular class of catalysts defined by a mixture of metal-containing phosphate salts. Further, the catalyst is believed to be stable and active for lengthy periods heretofore unseen in the art for such dehydration processes.

Disclosed herein is a mixed phosphate catalyst for converting lactic acid to acrylic acid, which is characterized by a high conversion of lactic acid, a high selectivity for acrylic acid, a high yield of acrylic acid, and correspondingly low selectivity and molar yields for undesired by-products. This is achieved with a particular class of catalysts defined by a mixture of metal-containing phosphate salts. Further, the catalyst is believed to be stable and active for lengthy periods heretofore unseen in the art for such dehydration processes.

Hydroxypropionic acid, hydroxypropionic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof are dehydrated using a catalyst and a method to produce bio-acrylic acid, acrylic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof. A method to produce the dehydration catalyst is also provided.

The invention relates to a catalyst carrier for exhaust gas purification catalyst which contains a metal phosphate containing Zr, and it provides a new catalyst carrier which exhibits excellent NOx purification performance in a high temperature region. The invention proposes a carrier for exhaust gas purification catalyst containing a metal phosphate which has a NASICON type structure and contains Zr.

The invention relates to a catalyst carrier for exhaust gas purification catalyst which contains a metal phosphate containing Zr, and it provides a new catalyst carrier which exhibits excellent NOx purification performance in a high temperature region. The invention proposes a carrier for exhaust gas purification catalyst containing a metal phosphate which has a NASICON type structure and contains Zr.

Butadiene is made from a butene rich feed by passing a superheated butene rich feed including superheated steam and oxygen at a temperature of at least about 343 C. (650 F.) over a catalyst bed having a depth of over about 69 cm (27 inches) of granules of ferritic oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst. Inlet conditions being controlled such that the oxidative dehydrogenation reactions initially occur in the lower most layers of catalyst. Process control includes monitoring the temperature throughout the bed and increasing the inlet temperature in response to a drop in the temperature in the active layer, when the active layer of oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst begins to become deactivated so that the reaction zone moves upwardly in the oxidative dehydrogenation bed.

This disclosure relates to methods of forming a zeolite composition, the method comprising calcining one or more clay mineral compositions to form metakaolin, wherein the one or more clay mineral compositions may comprise greater than or equal to 10 wt. % halloysite, forming a slurry by combining at least the metakaolin, a shape selective zeolite, a basic compound, silica particles, and a templating agent, hydrothermally treating the slurry to form a hydrothermal product, calcining the hydrothermal product to form a zeolite product, combining the zeolite product and at least one metal precursor, wherein the at least one metal precursor may comprise a manganese precursor, a phosphorous precursor, or both a manganese precursor and a phosphorous precursor to form a zeolite composition comprising manganese, phosphorus, or both manganese and phosphorous.

Hydroxypropionic acid, hydroxypropionic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof are dehydrated using a catalyst and a method to produce bio-acrylic acid, acrylic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof. A method to produce the dehydration catalyst is also provided.