In a method, device, catalyst and a method for producing a catalyst for the catalytic conversion of a substance mixture containing glycerol to propanol in a fixed-bed reactor, substrates of the catalyst have inorganic materials and/or metal oxides. The substrates have a pore diameter at the surface of between 10 and 25 angstroms, preferably between 12 and 20 angstroms, particularly preferably 15 angstroms.

In a method, device, catalyst and a method for producing a catalyst for the catalytic conversion of a substance mixture containing glycerol to propanol in a fixed-bed reactor, substrates of the catalyst have inorganic materials and/or metal oxides. The substrates have a pore diameter at the surface of between 10 and 25 angstroms, preferably between 12 and 20 angstroms, particularly preferably 15 angstroms.

A solid oxide fuel cell includes a cathode including a complex oxide having a perovskite structure expressed by the formula ABO.sub.3, an anode, and a solid electrolyte layer disposed between the cathode and the anode. The cathode includes phosphorus, chromium and boron, a content amount of the phosphorus in the cathode is at least 10 ppm and no more than 50 ppm, a content amount of the chromium in the cathode is at least 50 ppm and no more than 500 ppm, and a content amount of the boron in the cathode is at least 5 ppm and no more than 50 ppm.

Materials for binding per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are disclosed. A fluidic device comprising the materials for detection and quantification of PFAS in a sample is disclosed. The fluidic device may be configured for multiplexed analyses. Also disclosed are methods for sorbing and remediating PFAS in a sample. The sample may be groundwater containing, or suspected of containing, one or more PFAS.

Materials for binding per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are disclosed. A fluidic device comprising the materials for detection and quantification of PFAS in a sample is disclosed. The fluidic device may be configured for multiplexed analyses. Also disclosed are methods for sorbing and remediating PFAS in a sample. The sample may be groundwater containing, or suspected of containing, one or more PFAS.

The present disclosure relates to a composition that includes a first oxide having a phosphate, a ratio of Brnsted acid sites to Lewis acid sites between 0.05 and 1.00, and a total acidity between 50 mol/g and 300 mol/g, where the phosphate is at least one of a functional group covalently bonded to the first oxide and/or an anion ionically bonded to the first oxide.

Disclosed is a method for preparing a rare-earth modified Keggin-type heteropolyacid-supported catalyst. Carbon nanotube is used as support, and is oxidized to form openings and cut into short tubes by an acidic solution. Under the action of metal chlorides and alcohol solvents, the end and the defect sites on the side walls of the carbon nanotubes are combined with hydroxyl groups to obtain hydroxylated carbon nanotube. In this way, the surface properties of the carbon nanotube are changed, and the active components are more easily and firmly adsorbed on the carbon nanotube, thus the stability of the catalyst is improved

Hydroxypropionic acid, hydroxypropionic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof are dehydrated using a catalyst and a method to produce bio-acrylic acid, acrylic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof. A method to produce the dehydration catalyst is also provided.

Hydroxypropionic acid, hydroxypropionic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof are dehydrated using a catalyst and a method to produce bio-acrylic acid, acrylic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof. A method to produce the dehydration catalyst is also provided.

Metal ion-directed carboxylic acid functionalized polyoxometalate hybrid compounds, and their preparation method and applications in catalyzing the degradation of chemical warfare agent simulants. In the synthesis, Na.sub.2MoO.sub.4, p-hydroxybenzonic acid (PHBA), alanine (Ala), KCl, transition metal cations and As.sub.2O.sub.3 as raw materials and water are used as solvent. At room temperature, 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) and the prepared polyoxometalate hybrid compounds were mixed together in anhydrous ethanol and stirred, and H.sub.2O.sub.2 was subsequently added into the reaction system. The catalytic reaction for the degradation of CEES was finished within 5 min under stirring. In the catalytic hydrolysis of diethyl cyanophosphonate (DECP), the catalyst, DECP, DMF and H.sub.2O were put together and mixed fully. The prepared polyoxometalate hybrid compounds have the advantages of high conversion, high selectivity and easy recyclability in catalyzing the degradation of two types of chemical warfare agent simulant.