Hydroxypropionic acid, hydroxypropionic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof are dehydrated using a catalyst and a method to produce bio-acrylic acid, acrylic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof. A method to produce the dehydration catalyst is also provided.

Hydroxypropionic acid, hydroxypropionic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof are dehydrated using a catalyst and a method to produce bio-acrylic acid, acrylic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof. A method to produce the dehydration catalyst is also provided.

Hydroxypropionic acid, hydroxypropionic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof are dehydrated using a catalyst and a method to produce bio-acrylic acid, acrylic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof. A method to produce the dehydration catalyst is also provided.

Hydroxypropionic acid, hydroxypropionic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof are dehydrated using a catalyst and a method to produce bio-acrylic acid, acrylic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof. A method to produce the dehydration catalyst is also provided.

Methods and systems for producing isosorbide from biomass are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method of producing isosorbide from biomass may include contacting biomass, a catalyst mixture of a noble metal and a first solid acid, and hydrogen to form a first reaction mixture, and heating the first reaction mixture to form at least one intermediate compound. Further, the intermediate compound is contacted with a second solid acid to form a second reaction mixture, and heating the second reaction mixture to form isosorbide.

Methods and systems for producing isosorbide from biomass are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method of producing isosorbide from biomass may include contacting biomass, a catalyst mixture of a noble metal and a first solid acid, and hydrogen to form a first reaction mixture, and heating the first reaction mixture to form at least one intermediate compound. Further, the intermediate compound is contacted with a second solid acid to form a second reaction mixture, and heating the second reaction mixture to form isosorbide.

Materials for binding per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are disclosed. A fluidic device comprising the materials for detection and quantification of PFAS in a sample is disclosed. The fluidic device may be configured for multiplexed analyses. Also disclosed are methods for sorbing and remediating PFAS in a sample. The sample may be groundwater containing, or suspected of containing, one or more PFAS.

Materials for binding per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are disclosed. A fluidic device comprising the materials for detection and quantification of PFAS in a sample is disclosed. The fluidic device may be configured for multiplexed analyses. Also disclosed are methods for sorbing and remediating PFAS in a sample. The sample may be groundwater containing, or suspected of containing, one or more PFAS.