A method of making a multifunctional catalyst for upgrading pyrolysis oil includes contacting a hierarchical mesoporous zeolite support with a solution including at least a first metal catalyst precursor and a second metal catalyst precursor, each or both of which may include a heteropolyacid. The hierarchical mesoporous zeolite support may have an average pore size of from 2 nm to 40 nm. Contacting the hierarchical mesoporous zeolite support with the solution deposits or adsorbs the first metal catalyst precursor and the second catalyst precursor onto outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the hierarchical mesoporous zeolite support to produce a multifunctional catalyst precursor. The method further includes removing excess solution and calcining the multifunctional catalyst precursor to produce the multifunctional catalyst comprising at least a first metal catalyst and a second metal catalyst deposited on the outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the hierarchical mesoporous zeolite support.

According to one or more embodiments, a nano-sized, mesoporous zeolite particle may include a microporous framework comprising a plurality of micropores having diameters of less than or equal to 2 nm and a BEA framework type. The nano-sized, mesoporous zeolite particle may also include a plurality of mesopores having diameters of greater than 2 nm and less than or equal to 50 nm. The zeolite particles may be integrated into hydrocracking catalysts and utilized for the cracking of heavy oils in a pretreatment process.

The present discloses an aromatization catalyst, preparation process and application thereof and a low-carbon olefin aromatization process. The aromatization catalyst comprises a microporous material, a binder and a modifier; the microporous material is a zeolite molecular sieve, the binder is alumina, the modifier is phosphorus, and the molar ratio of the aluminum element in the binder to the phosphorus element is more than or equal to 1 and less than 5; the ratio of the acidity of the strongly acidic sites to the acidity of the weakly acidic sites of the olefin aromatization catalyst is less than 1.

A method of making a multifunctional catalyst for upgrading pyrolysis oil includes contacting a hierarchical mesoporous zeolite support with a solution including at least a first metal catalyst precursor and a second metal catalyst precursor, each or both of which may include a heteropolyacid. The hierarchical mesoporous zeolite support may have an average pore size of from 2 nm to 40 nm. Contacting the hierarchical mesoporous zeolite support with the solution deposits or adsorbs the first metal catalyst precursor and the second catalyst precursor onto outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the hierarchical mesoporous zeolite support to produce a multifunctional catalyst precursor. The method further includes removing excess solution and calcining the multifunctional catalyst precursor to produce the multifunctional catalyst comprising at least a first metal catalyst and a second metal catalyst deposited on the outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the hierarchical mesoporous zeolite support.

A method of making a multifunctional catalyst for upgrading pyrolysis oil includes contacting a hierarchical mesoporous zeolite support with a solution including at least a first metal catalyst precursor and a second metal catalyst precursor, each or both of which may include a heteropolyacid. The hierarchical mesoporous zeolite support may have an average pore size of from 2 nm to 40 nm. Contacting the hierarchical mesoporous zeolite support with the solution deposits or adsorbs the first metal catalyst precursor and the second catalyst precursor onto outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the hierarchical mesoporous zeolite support to produce a multifunctional catalyst precursor. The method further includes removing excess solution and calcining the multifunctional catalyst precursor to produce the multifunctional catalyst comprising at least a first metal catalyst and a second metal catalyst deposited on the outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the hierarchical mesoporous zeolite support.

A method of making a multifunctional catalyst for upgrading pyrolysis oil includes contacting a zeolite support with a solution including at least a first metal catalyst precursor and a second metal catalyst precursor, the first metal catalyst precursor, the second metal catalyst precursor, or both, including a heteropolyacid. Contacting the zeolite support with the solution deposits or adsorbs the first metal catalyst precursor and the second catalyst precursor onto outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the zeolite support to produce a multifunctional catalyst precursor. The method further includes removing excess solution from the multifunctional catalyst precursor and calcining the multifunctional catalyst precursor to produce the multifunctional catalyst comprising at least a first metal catalyst and a second metal catalyst deposited on the outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the zeolite support.

A method of making a multifunctional catalyst for upgrading pyrolysis oil includes contacting a zeolite support with a solution including at least a first metal catalyst precursor and a second metal catalyst precursor, the first metal catalyst precursor, the second metal catalyst precursor, or both, including a heteropolyacid. Contacting the zeolite support with the solution deposits or adsorbs the first metal catalyst precursor and the second catalyst precursor onto outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the zeolite support to produce a multifunctional catalyst precursor. The method further includes removing excess solution from the multifunctional catalyst precursor and calcining the multifunctional catalyst precursor to produce the multifunctional catalyst comprising at least a first metal catalyst and a second metal catalyst deposited on the outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the zeolite support.

A method of making a multifunctional catalyst for upgrading pyrolysis oil includes contacting a zeolite support with a solution including at least a first metal catalyst precursor and a second metal catalyst precursor, the first metal catalyst precursor, the second metal catalyst precursor, or both, including a heteropolyacid. Contacting the zeolite support with the solution deposits or adsorbs the first metal catalyst precursor and the second catalyst precursor onto outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the zeolite support to produce a multifunctional catalyst precursor. The method further includes removing excess solution from the multifunctional catalyst precursor and calcining the multifunctional catalyst precursor to produce the multifunctional catalyst comprising at least a first metal catalyst and a second metal catalyst deposited on the outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the zeolite support.

A method of making a multifunctional catalyst for upgrading pyrolysis oil includes contacting a zeolite support with a solution including at least a first metal catalyst precursor and a second metal catalyst precursor, the first metal catalyst precursor, the second metal catalyst precursor, or both, including a heteropolyacid. Contacting the zeolite support with the solution deposits or adsorbs the first metal catalyst precursor and the second catalyst precursor onto outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the zeolite support to produce a multifunctional catalyst precursor. The method further includes removing excess solution from the multifunctional catalyst precursor and calcining the multifunctional catalyst precursor to produce the multifunctional catalyst comprising at least a first metal catalyst and a second metal catalyst deposited on the outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the zeolite support.

According to one or more embodiments, a nano-sized, mesoporous zeolite particle may include a microporous framework comprising a plurality of micropores having diameters of less than or equal to 2 nm and a BEA framework type. The nano-sized, mesoporous zeolite particle may also include a plurality of mesopores having diameters of greater than 2 nm and less than or equal to 50 nm. The zeolite particles may be integrated into hydrocracking catalysts and utilized for the cracking of heavy oils in a pretreatment process.