In order to specify a catalytic converter, especially SCR catalytic converter, with maximum catalytic activity, this catalytic converter has at least one catalytically active component and additionally at least one porous inorganic filler component having meso- or macroporosity. The organic porous filler component has a proportion of about 5 to 50% by weight. More particularly, a diatomaceous earth or a pillared clay material is used as the porous inorganic filler component.

The technical field of catalysts, in particular to a combined catalyst and a preparation method thereof, and a method for preparing xylene by coupling carbon dioxide hydrogenation with toluene alkylation. The combined catalyst of the present disclosure having a metal oxide and a zeolite. In the present disclosure, the metal oxide is mainly used to reduce carbon dioxide to methanol, and the zeolite is mainly used to react toluene with methanol to produce xylene. When the catalyst of the present disclosure is used to prepare xylene, carbon dioxide and hydrogen can be used as raw materials instead of methanol. Compared with the traditional alkylation of toluene with methanol, this method can avoid the side reaction of methanol to olefins caused by the improper methanol/toluene feeding ratio, and improve the production efficiency of xylene; meanwhile, it can inhibit xylene isomerization and increase p-xylene selectivity in the products.

A reactor system may comprise a housing; and a condensation catalyst layer within the housing comprising a condensation catalyst comprised of at least one of a base-substituted zeolite, a stannous salt, or a phosphonitrile chloride. The condensation catalyst layer may be configured to catalyze a condensation reaction of a plurality of silane diols in water flowing through the housing into a plurality of siloxanes.

A process for the preparation of an extra-framework metal-containing aluminosilicate zeolite involves the steps of: (a) forming a reactant mixture A comprising (i) an aqueous slurry of an aluminosilicate zeolite in a H.sup.+-form, and (ii) a metal containing compound or free metal, wherein the mixture does not comprise ammonia, ammonium hydroxide or an ammonium salt, and (b) reacting the metal containing compound or free metal with the aluminosilicate zeolite in a H.sup.+-form in reactant mixture A and forming a product mixture B, a reaction mixture comprising the extra-framework metal-containing aluminosilicate zeolite. The metal comprises one or more of copper, iron, manganese, nickel and palladium. The step of reacting the metal with the aluminosilicate zeolite in a H.sup.+-form is performed in a single exchange. The extra-framework metal-containing aluminosilicate zeolite can then be used directly in forming a washcoat that can be applied to a support.

Methods for interconverting olefins in an olefin-rich hydrocarbon stream include contacting the olefin-rich hydrocarbon stream with a catalyst system in an olefin interconversion unit to produce an interconverted effluent comprising ethylene and propylene. The contacting may be conducted at a reaction temperature from 450° C. to 750° C., a reaction pressure from 1 bar to 5 bar, and a residence time from 0.5 seconds to 1000 seconds. The catalyst system includes a framework-substituted beta zeolite. The framework-substituted beta zeolite has a *BEA aluminosilicate framework that has been modified by substituting a portion of framework aluminum atoms of the *BEA aluminosilicate framework with beta-zeolite Al-substitution atoms independently selected from the group consisting of titanium atoms, zirconium atoms, hafnium atoms, and combinations thereof.

A catalyst structure includes a porous support structure, where the support structure includes an aluminosilicate material and any two or more metals loaded in the porous support structure selected from Ga, Ag, Mo, Zn, Co and Ce. The catalyst structure is used in a hydrocarbon upgrading process that is conducted in the presence of methane, nitrogen or hydrogen.

This exhaust gas purifying catalyst is provided with a substrate and a catalyst layer formed on a surface of the substrate. The catalyst layer contains zeolite particles that support a metal, and a rare earth element-containing compound that contains a rare earth element. The rare earth element-containing compound is added in such an amount that the molar ratio of the rare earth element relative to Si contained in the zeolite is 0.001 to 0.014 in terms of oxides.

A hydrogenolysis bimetallic supported catalyst comprising a first metal, a second metal, and a zeolitic support; wherein the first metal and the second metal are different; and wherein the first metal and the second metal can each independently be selected from the group consisting of iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), rhodium (Rh), ruthenium (Ru), palladium (Pd), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), nickel (Ni), and cobalt (Co).

A family of crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites has been synthesized that is a layered pentasil zeolite. These zeolites are represented by the empirical formula:

M.sub.m.sup.n+R.sub.r.sup.p+Al.sub.1-xE.sub.xSi.sub.yO.sub.z

where M is an alkali, alkaline earth, or rare earth metal such as sodium or strontium, R can be a mixture of organoammonium cations and E is a framework element such as gallium, iron, boron, or indium. These zeolites are characterized by unique x-ray diffraction patterns and compositions and have catalytic properties for carrying out various hydrocarbon conversion processes.

The present invention relates to a catalyst system comprising: i. a first layer of a hydrocarbon conversion catalyst, the hydrocarbon conversion catalyst comprising: a first composition comprising a platinum group metal on a solid support; and a second composition comprising a transition metal on an inorganic support; ii. a second layer comprising a cracking catalyst; and to a process for conversion of a hydrocarbon feed utilizing this catalyst system.