A nanostructured porous catalyst for rubber vulcanization, the catalyst comprising a high surface area.

The invention relates to catalysts and their use in processes for dehydrocyclization of light paraffinic hydrocarbon feedstock to higher-value hydrocarbon, such as aromatic hydrocarbon, to dehydrocyclization catalysts useful in such processes, and to the methods of making such catalysts. One of more of the dehydrocyclization catalysts comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite having a constraint index of less than or equal to about 12, at least one Group 3 to Group 13 metal of the IUPAC Periodic Table and phosphorous.

The invention relates to catalysts and their use in processes for dehydrocyclization of light paraffinic hydrocarbon feedstock to higher-value hydrocarbon, such as aromatic hydrocarbon, to dehydrocyclization catalysts useful in such processes, and to the methods of making such catalysts. One of more of the dehydrocyclization catalysts comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite having a constraint index of less than or equal to about 12, at least one Group 3 to Group 13 metal of the IUPAC Periodic Table and phosphorous.

To be able to produce an SCR catalyst (2), in particular one having a zeolite fraction (Z) as catalytically active fraction, in a reliable process and at the same time achieve good catalytic activity of the catalyst (2), an inorganic binder fraction (B) which is catalytically inactive in the starting state and has been treated to develop catalytic activity is mixed into a catalyst composition (4). The inorganic binder component for the binder fraction (B) is, in the starting state, preferably porous particles (10), in particular diatomaceous earth, which display mesoporosity. To effect catalytic activation, the individual particles (10) are either coated with a catalytically active layer (12) or transformed into a catalytically active zeolite (14) with maintenance of the mesoporosity.

To be able to produce an SCR catalyst (2), in particular one having a zeolite fraction (Z) as catalytically active fraction, in a reliable process and at the same time achieve good catalytic activity of the catalyst (2), an inorganic binder fraction (B) which is catalytically inactive in the starting state and has been treated to develop catalytic activity is mixed into a catalyst composition (4). The inorganic binder component for the binder fraction (B) is, in the starting state, preferably porous particles (10), in particular diatomaceous earth, which display mesoporosity. To effect catalytic activation, the individual particles (10) are either coated with a catalytically active layer (12) or transformed into a catalytically active zeolite (14) with maintenance of the mesoporosity.

The present disclosure relates to a method for forming a catalyst article comprising: (a) forming a slurry having a solids content of up to 50 wt % by mixing together at least the following components a crystalline molecular sieve in an H.sup.+ or NH.sub.4.sup.+ form, an insoluble active metal precursor and an aqueous solvent at a temperature in the range 10 to 35° C.; (b) coating a substrate with the slurry formed in step (a); and (c) calcining the coated substrate formed in step (b) to form a catalyst layer on the substrate. The present disclosure further relates to a catalyst article, particularly a catalyst article which is suitable for use in the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides, and to an exhaust system.

The present invention relates to a process for the production of a transition metal containing zeolite comprising expanding a layered silicate with a swelling agent and introducing the transition metal into the interlayer expanded silicate prior to calcination thereof for obtaining the transition metal containing zeolite. The present invention further relates to a zeolite containing transition metal nanoparticles as obtainable or obtained according to the inventive process, as well as to a zeolite containing nanoparticles per se. Finally the present invention relates to the use of a zeolite containing transition metal nanoparticles as obtainable or obtained according to the inventive process, as well as to the use of a zeolite containing nanoparticles per se.

Provided are a selective reducing catalyst for diesels and a diesel exhaust gas purification apparatus in which deterioration of NO.sub.x removal performance due to phosphorus poisoning is less likely to occur.

The selective reducing catalyst for diesels is arranged in a diesel engine, adsorbs ammonia and brings the ammonia into contact with nitrogen oxides in an exhaust gas discharged from a diesel engine to perform reduction, the selective reducing catalyst comprises: a catalyst carrier; a catalyst region provided on at least the catalyst carrier; and a phosphorus trapping region provided on at least the catalyst region, wherein the catalyst region comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of a zeolite-based catalyst containing at least zeolite and a transition metal element supported on the zeolite, a W—Ce—Zr composite oxide-based catalyst, and a vanadium-based catalyst, and the phosphorus trapping region comprises at least one or more selected from the group consisting of alumina and a rare earth-based basic oxide.

The present disclosure recognizes a correlation between zeolitic surface area (ZSA) of a catalyst composition and its catalytic activity. Particularly, the disclosure provides catalyst articles for diesel NO.sub.x abatement, including a substrate and a washcoat layer containing metal-promoted molecular sieves, wherein the zeolitic surface area (ZSA) of the catalyst article is about 100 m.sup.2/g or greater, the volumetric surface area is about 900 m.sup.2/in.sup.3 or greater, and/or the total zeolitic surface area (tZSA) is about 1200 m.sup.2 or greater. The disclosure further relates to methods for evaluating ZSA, volumetric ZSA, and tZSA, e.g., including the steps of coating a catalyst composition comprising metal-promoted molecular sieves onto a substrate; calcining and aging the catalyst composition; determining the ZSA (or volumetric ZSA or tZSA) thereof; and correlating the ZSA (or volumetric ZSA or tZSA) with catalyst composition NO.sub.x abatement activity to determine whether the catalyst composition is suitable for an intended use.

The present disclosure recognizes a correlation between zeolitic surface area (ZSA) of a catalyst composition and its catalytic activity. Particularly, the disclosure provides catalyst articles for diesel NO.sub.x abatement, including a substrate and a washcoat layer containing metal-promoted molecular sieves, wherein the zeolitic surface area (ZSA) of the catalyst article is about 100 m.sup.2/g or greater, the volumetric surface area is about 900 m.sup.2/in.sup.3 or greater, and/or the total zeolitic surface area (tZSA) is about 1200 m.sup.2 or greater. The disclosure further relates to methods for evaluating ZSA, volumetric ZSA, and tZSA, e.g., including the steps of coating a catalyst composition comprising metal-promoted molecular sieves onto a substrate; calcining and aging the catalyst composition; determining the ZSA (or volumetric ZSA or tZSA) thereof; and correlating the ZSA (or volumetric ZSA or tZSA) with catalyst composition NO.sub.x abatement activity to determine whether the catalyst composition is suitable for an intended use.