The invention relates to a catalyst and catalyst layer and process for preparing dimethyl ether from synthesis gas or methanol as well as the use of the catalyst or catalyst layer in this process.

A process for dehydrating methanol to dimethyl ether using a Brønsted acid catalyst which is a 1-dimensional or a 3-dimensional aluminosilicate zeolite or a heteropolyacid, and a promoter of Formula I C.sub.nH.sub.(2n+1)CO.sub.2CH.sub.3 wherein n=1 to 11 or Formula II C.sub.mH.sub.2m(CO.sub.2CH.sub.3).sub.2 wherein m=2 to 7 and the molar ratio of promoter to methanol is maintained at less than 1.

A process for dehydrating methanol to dimethyl ether using a Brønsted acid catalyst which is a 1-dimensional or a 3-dimensional aluminosilicate zeolite or a heteropolyacid, and a promoter of Formula I C.sub.nH.sub.(2n+1)CO.sub.2CH.sub.3 wherein n=1 to 11 or Formula II C.sub.mH.sub.2m(CO.sub.2CH.sub.3).sub.2 wherein m=2 to 7 and the molar ratio of promoter to methanol is maintained at less than 1.

Method for preparing methyl formate and coproducing dimethyl ether by reacting a formaldehyde and methanol raw material (molar ratio range of 1:4 to 1:0.05) in a First Reaction Region at ranges from 50° C. to 100° C. with Catalyst A resulting in post-reaction material separated into Constituent I. Reacting Constituent I in a Second Reaction Region at ranges from 50° C. to 200° C. and from 0.1 MPa to 10 MPa with Catalyst B resulting in post-reaction material, which is separated into methyl formate, dimethyl ether and Constituent II. At least 1% of dimethyl ether is product, and recycling the rest to the First Reaction Region. Constituent II is recycled to the Second Reaction Region. Each component is gaseous phase and/or liquid phase, independently. The method shows long catalyst life, mild reaction condition, high utilization ratio of raw materials, continuous production and large scale industrial application potential.

Method for preparing methyl formate and coproducing dimethyl ether by reacting a formaldehyde and methanol raw material (molar ratio range of 1:4 to 1:0.05) in a First Reaction Region at ranges from 50° C. to 100° C. with Catalyst A resulting in post-reaction material separated into Constituent I. Reacting Constituent I in a Second Reaction Region at ranges from 50° C. to 200° C. and from 0.1 MPa to 10 MPa with Catalyst B resulting in post-reaction material, which is separated into methyl formate, dimethyl ether and Constituent II. At least 1% of dimethyl ether is product, and recycling the rest to the First Reaction Region. Constituent II is recycled to the Second Reaction Region. Each component is gaseous phase and/or liquid phase, independently. The method shows long catalyst life, mild reaction condition, high utilization ratio of raw materials, continuous production and large scale industrial application potential.

A nanostructured porous catalyst for rubber vulcanization, the catalyst comprising a high surface area.

A catalytic composition is built up from a ceramic material including a catalytic material and a first inorganic binder and a second inorganic binder and a catalytic structure made thereof. Preferably, the structure is made by a colloidal ceramic shaping technique. The structure is usable for catalytic or ion exchange applications as well. It is demonstrated that the catalytic structures have excellent mechanical, physicochemical and catalytic properties.

A catalytic composition is built up from a ceramic material including a catalytic material and a first inorganic binder and a second inorganic binder and a catalytic structure made thereof. Preferably, the structure is made by a colloidal ceramic shaping technique. The structure is usable for catalytic or ion exchange applications as well. It is demonstrated that the catalytic structures have excellent mechanical, physicochemical and catalytic properties.

A process for dehydrating methanol to dimethyl ether product in the presence of a catalyst and a promoter, wherein the catalyst is at least one aluminosilicate zeolite, wherein:—the aluminosilicate zeolite is selected from: (i) a zeolite having a 2-dimensional framework structure comprising at least one channel having a 10-membered ring, and having a maximum free sphere diameter of at least 4.8 Angstroms; (ii) a zeolite having a 3-dimensional framework structure comprising at least one channel having a 10-membered ring; or (iii) a zeolite comprising at least one channel having a 12-membered ring;—the promoter is selected from one or more compounds of Formula I: (I) wherein Y is selected from a C.sub.1-C.sub.4 hydrocarbyl substituent, and wherein each of X and any or all of the Z's may independently be selected from hydrogen, halide, a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl substituent, or a compound of the formula —CHO, —CO.sub.2R, —COR, or —OR, where R is hydrogen or a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl substituent, and wherein the molar ratio of promoter to methanol is maintained at less than 1.

##STR00001##

An organic base modified composite catalyst for producing ethylene by hydrogenation of carbon monoxide is a composite catalyst and formed by compounding component I and component II in a mechanical mixing mode. The active ingredient of the component I is a metal oxide; the component II is an organic base modified zeolite of MOR topology; and a weight ratio of the active ingredients in the component I to the component II is 0.1-20, and preferably 0.3-8. The reaction process has an extremely high product yield and selectivity. The selectivity of C.sub.2-C.sub.3 olefins is as high as 78-87%; the selectivity of hydrocarbon products with more than 4 C atoms is less than 10%; the selectivity of a methane side product is extremely low (<9%); and meanwhile, the selectivity of the ethylene is 75-82%.