Methods use a catalytic composition built up from a ceramic material including a catalytic material and a first inorganic binder and a second inorganic binder and a catalytic structure made thereof. Preferably, the structure is made by a colloidal ceramic shaping technique. The structure is used for catalytic or ion exchange applications. The catalytic structures have excellent mechanical, physicochemical and catalytic properties.

The honeycomb structure includes a honeycomb structure body made of a zeolite material containing at least a coarse particle zeolite having a large average particle diameter (coarse zeolite particles). A fine particle zeolite having an average particle diameter smaller than that of the coarse particle zeolite (fine zeolite particles), and an inorganic bonding material, the coarse particle zeolite (the coarse zeolite particles) is a chabazite type zeolite in which an average particle diameter of primary particles is 2 μm or more and 6 μm or less, and in the fine particle zeolite (the fine zeolite particles), an average particle diameter of primary particles is 0.02 μm or more and smaller than 2 μm, and in the zeolite material which is comprised the honeycomb structure body, a ratio of a volume of pores having pore diameters of 0.02 to 0.15 μm to a volume of all pores is 42% or less.

The manufacturing method includes a step of mixing a coarse particle zeolite, a fine particle zeolite, and a raw material of an inorganic bonding material to prepare a zeolite raw material; a step of forming the prepared zeolite raw material into a honeycomb shape to prepare a honeycomb formed body; and a step of firing the prepared honeycomb formed body to prepare the honeycomb structure. In the step of preparing the zeolite raw material, as the coarse particle zeolite, a chabazite type zeolite having a specific average particle diameter, the fine particle zeolite having a specific average particle diameter, the raw material of the inorganic bonding material which includes at least basic aluminum lactate is used.

Hydrocarbon (HC) traps are disclosed. The HC trap may include a first zeolite material having an average pore diameter of at least 5.0 angstroms and configured to trap hydrocarbons from an exhaust stream and to release at least a portion of the trapped hydrocarbons at a temperature of at least 225° C. The HC trap may also include a second zeolite material having an average pore diameter of less than 5.0 angstroms or larger than 7.0 angstroms. One or both of the zeolite materials may include metal ions, such as transition, Group 1A, or platinum group metals. The HC trap may include two or more discrete layers of zeolite materials or the two or more zeolite materials may be mixed. The multiple zeolite HC trap may form coke molecules having a relatively low combustion temperature, such as below 500° C.

An exhaust system for a compression ignition engine comprising: a water adsorbent material; and a catalyst composition for treating an exhaust gas pollutant produced by the compression ignition engine; wherein the water adsorbent material is: (i) arranged to contact exhaust gas from the compression ignition engine before the catalyst composition; and (ii) in thermal communication with the catalyst composition.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing oligosilane and in particular to provide a method that can efficiently produce oligosilane at lower temperatures and with an improved yield and selectivity. In the dehydrogenative coupling reaction of hydrosilane, oligosilane can be efficiently produced at an improved selectivity for oligosilane, and in particular at an improved selectivity for disilane, by carrying out the reaction in the presence of zeolite having pores with a minor diameter of at least 0.43 nm and a major diameter of not more than 0.69 nm.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing oligosilane and in particular to provide a method that can efficiently produce oligosilane at lower temperatures and with an improved yield and selectivity. In the dehydrogenative coupling reaction of hydrosilane, oligosilane can be efficiently produced at an improved selectivity for oligosilane, and in particular at an improved selectivity for disilane, by carrying out the reaction in the presence of zeolite having pores with a minor diameter of at least 0.43 nm and a major diameter of not more than 0.69 nm.

An emissions treatment system for an exhaust stream of an internal combustion engine including hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides is provided. The disclosed system can include an exhaust conduit in fluid communication with the internal combustion engine via an exhaust manifold; a first three-way conversion catalyst (TWC-1) located downstream of the internal combustion engine in the exhaust conduit; an SCR-HCT catalyst comprising a selective catalytic reduction catalyst and a hydrocarbon trap downstream of the TWC-1 in the exhaust conduit; and a third catalyst downstream of the SCR-HCT combination in the exhaust conduit, the third catalyst comprising a platinum group metal (PGM) e.g., in an amount effective to oxidize hydrocarbons. Methods of making and using such systems and components thereof are also provided.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing an ester having formula R—COO—R′ (I), wherein R represents a group selected from: (i) a linear or branched alkyl, containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, (ii) an aryl containing from 6 to 12 carbon atoms, (iii) a heterocycle with 4 to 12 carbon atoms containing at least one heteroatom selected from O, N, P and S, R′ represents a linear or branched alkyl containing from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, said process comprising at least a phase of reacting a reaction mixture comprising at least one aldehyde having formula R—CHO (II), wherein R has the meanings defined above, and at least one alcohol having general formula R′—OH (III), wherein R′ has the meanings defined above, in the presence of at least one solid basic catalyst, at a temperature within the range of 120° C.-300° C., obtaining said ester having formula (I).

A porous discriminating layer is formed on a ceramic support having at least one porous wall by (a) establishing a flow of a gas stream containing agglomerates of particles and (b) calcining said deposited layer to form the discriminating layer. At least a portion of the particles are of a sinter-resistant material or a sinter-resistant material precursor. The particles have a size from 0.01 to 5 microns and the agglomerates have a size of from 10 to 200 microns. This method is an inexpensive and effective route to forming a discriminating layer onto the porous wall.