What is disclosed herein is a method for depolymerizing polyolefins, comprising a. preparing a catalyst comprising cobalt, nickel or both; b. combining the catalyst with a sample comprising polyolefins in a reaction vessel in the presence of H.sub.2 gas to produce a mixture, wherein the polyolefin comprises a carbon chain having the structure (CH.sub.2CHR).sub.n wherein R is an alkyl group and n is an integer greater than 20; c. reacting the mixture under conditions effective to depolymerize the polyolefins to produce decomposition products, wherein the decomposition products comprise the structure (CH.sub.2CHR).sub.m wherein m is an integer much less than n.

A ZSM-5/β core-shell molecular sieve has a core composed of at least two crystal grains of ZSM-5 molecular sieve and a shell composed of a plurality of crystal grains of β molecular sieve. The ZSM-5 molecular sieve grains has an average grain size of 0.05-15 μm. The core-shell molecular sieve has a shell coverage of 50-100%, a shell thickness of 10-2000 nm, and an average grain size of the β molecular sieve grains in the shell of 10-500 nm. A ratio of a height of a diffraction peak at 2θ=22.4° to a height of a diffraction peak at 2θ=23.1° in an X-ray diffraction pattern of the ZSM-5/β core-shell molecular sieve is 0.1-10:1.

A ZSM-5/β core-shell molecular sieve has a core composed of at least two crystal grains of ZSM-5 molecular sieve and a shell composed of a plurality of crystal grains of β molecular sieve. The ZSM-5 molecular sieve grains has an average grain size of 0.05-15 μm. The core-shell molecular sieve has a shell coverage of 50-100%, a shell thickness of 10-2000 nm, and an average grain size of the β molecular sieve grains in the shell of 10-500 nm. A ratio of a height of a diffraction peak at 2θ=22.4° to a height of a diffraction peak at 2θ=23.1° in an X-ray diffraction pattern of the ZSM-5/β core-shell molecular sieve is 0.1-10:1.

The present invention relates to a catalyst for producing light olefins from C4-C7 hydrocarbons from catalytic cracking reaction and the production process of light olefins from said catalyst, wherein said catalyst has core-shell structure comprising a zeolite core with mole ratio of silicon to aluminium (Si/Al) between 2 to 250 and layered double hydroxide shell (LDH). The catalyst according to the invention provides high percent conversion of substrate to products and high selectivity to light olefins product.

The present invention relates to a catalyst for producing light olefins from C4-C7 hydrocarbons from catalytic cracking reaction and the production process of light olefins from said catalyst, wherein said catalyst has core-shell structure comprising a zeolite core with mole ratio of silicon to aluminium (Si/Al) between 2 to 250 and layered double hydroxide shell (LDH). The catalyst according to the invention provides high percent conversion of substrate to products and high selectivity to light olefins product.

A process for upgrading crude oil through steam enhanced catalytic cracking includes contacting crude oil with steam and a cracking catalyst at a mass ratio of steam to crude oil of 0.2-1. The cracking catalyst is a hierarchical mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolite impregnated with phosphorous, cerium, lanthanum, and iron. Contacting the crude oil with steam and the cracking catalyst cracks a portion of the crude oil to produce light olefins, light aromatic compounds, or both. The cracking catalyst is prepared by partially disintegrating a starting ZSM-5 zeolite in a first mixture comprising sodium hydroxide and a surfactant and, after the disintegrating, recrystallizing zeolite constituents in the presence of the surfactant to produce a recrystallized ZSM-5 zeolite having a hierarchical pore structure. The recrystallized ZSM-5 zeolite is recovered and calcined to produce the hierarchical mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolite, which is then impregnated with the phosphorous, lanthanum, cerium, and iron.

The present application discloses a molecular sieve-based catalyst modification apparatus. The apparatus comprises a feed unit 1, a modification unit 2 and a cooling unit 3 connected in sequence; the feed unit comprises a catalyst feed unit 11 and a modifier feed unit 12, a catalyst and a modifier are introduced into the modification unit 2 respectively by the catalyst feed unit and the modifier feed unit and are discharged from the modification unit after sufficient reaction in modification unit, and then enter the cooling unit 3 for cooling. The present application further discloses a use method for the molecular sieve-based catalyst modification apparatus. The use method comprises: introducing a catalyst and a modifier into the modification unit 2 respectively through the feed unit 1; wherein the catalyst is modified by the modifier in the modification unit 2, and then discharged to the cooling unit 3 to cool until the temperature is lower than 50° C., and then the cooled modified catalyst is transferred to any storage device.

The present application discloses a molecular sieve-based catalyst modification apparatus. The apparatus comprises a feed unit 1, a modification unit 2 and a cooling unit 3 connected in sequence; the feed unit comprises a catalyst feed unit 11 and a modifier feed unit 12, a catalyst and a modifier are introduced into the modification unit 2 respectively by the catalyst feed unit and the modifier feed unit and are discharged from the modification unit after sufficient reaction in modification unit, and then enter the cooling unit 3 for cooling. The present application further discloses a use method for the molecular sieve-based catalyst modification apparatus. The use method comprises: introducing a catalyst and a modifier into the modification unit 2 respectively through the feed unit 1; wherein the catalyst is modified by the modifier in the modification unit 2, and then discharged to the cooling unit 3 to cool until the temperature is lower than 50° C., and then the cooled modified catalyst is transferred to any storage device.

A supported metal catalyst and a method of forming the same is provided. The supported metal catalyst according to embodiments of the present invention is formed by a method comprising supporting a metal on a support and treating the support supporting the metal with an acid. The method of forming a supported metal catalyst according to embodiments of the present invention comprises supporting a metal on a support and treating the support supporting the metal with an acid.

A process for converting crude oil to light olefins, aromatics, or both, includes contacting a crude oil with an FCC catalyst composition in a fluidized catalytic cracking system at a temperature of greater than or equal to 580° C., a weight ratio of the FCC catalyst to the crude oil of from 2:1 to 10:1, and a residence time of from 0.1 seconds to 60 seconds. Contacting causes at least a portion of hydrocarbons in the crude oil to undergo cracking reactions to produce a cracked effluent comprising at least olefins. The FCC catalyst composition for producing olefins and aromatics from crude oil includes ultrastable Y-type zeolite impregnated with lanthanum, ZSM-5 zeolite impregnated with phosphorous, where the nano-ZSM-5 zeolite has an average particle size of from 0.01 μm to 0.2 μm, an alumina binder, colloidal silica, and a matrix material comprising Kaolin clay.