The present disclosure provides a method for preparing a molecular sieve catalyst. A water-in-oil micro-emulsion including a continuous phase containing an organic solvent and a dispersed phase containing an aqueous solution containing one or more metal salts and a water-soluble organic carbon source is prepared, hydrolyzed, and azeotropically distilled to form a mixture solution. The mixture solution is heated to carbonize the water-soluble organic carbon source to form nanoparticles each having a core-shell structure including a carbon-shelled metal-oxide. The nanoparticles containing the carbon-shelled metal-oxide are dispersed in a molecular sieve precursor solution. A nanoparticle-loaded molecular sieve is formed from the molecular sieve precursor solution containing the nanoparticles, and then calcined to remove carbon there-from to form a metal-oxide loaded molecular sieve.

Provided herein are catalyst supports, catalyst systems, and methods for making catalyst supports, catalyst systems, and performing chemical reactions with the catalyst systems. The catalyst supports include a zeolite and a binder including non-sodium counterions, such as ammonium counterions and/or potassium counterions. The catalyst systems include the catalyst supports and a catalytic material. The catalyst systems may be used to perform chemical reactions, including reactions of one or more hydrocarbons.

Provided herein are catalyst supports, catalyst systems, and methods for making catalyst supports, catalyst systems, and performing chemical reactions with the catalyst systems. The catalyst supports include a zeolite and a binder including non-sodium counterions, such as ammonium counterions and/or potassium counterions. The catalyst systems include the catalyst supports and a catalytic material. The catalyst systems may be used to perform chemical reactions, including reactions of one or more hydrocarbons.

Provided herein are catalyst supports, catalyst systems, and methods for making catalyst supports, catalyst systems, and performing chemical reactions with the catalyst systems. The catalyst supports include a zeolite and a binder including non-sodium counterions, such as ammonium counterions and/or potassium counterions. The catalyst systems include the catalyst supports and a catalytic material. The catalyst systems may be used to perform chemical reactions, including reactions of one or more hydrocarbons.

Provided herein are catalyst supports, catalyst systems, and methods for making catalyst supports, catalyst systems, and performing chemical reactions with the catalyst systems. The catalyst supports include a zeolite and a binder including non-sodium counterions, such as ammonium counterions and/or potassium counterions. The catalyst systems include the catalyst supports and a catalytic material. The catalyst systems may be used to perform chemical reactions, including reactions of one or more hydrocarbons.

A method for synthesizing a zeolite is described. The method may include the steps of: (a) preparing an aqueous mixture comprising water, a substituted hydrocarbon, and a 1-oxa-4-azacyclohexane derivative; (b) reacting the aqueous mixture; (c) obtaining a solution comprising an organo-1-oxa-4-azoniumcyclohexane compound; (d)) forming a reaction mixture comprising reactive sources of Al, and Si, and the solution; and (e) heating the reaction mixture to form the zeolite.

A method for synthesizing a zeolite is described. The method may include the steps of: (a) preparing an aqueous mixture comprising water, a substituted hydrocarbon, and a 1-oxa-4-azacyclohexane derivative; (b) reacting the aqueous mixture; (c) obtaining a solution comprising an organo-1-oxa-4-azoniumcyclohexane compound; (d)) forming a reaction mixture comprising reactive sources of Al, and Si, and the solution; and (e) heating the reaction mixture to form the zeolite.

Olefins may be produced from C.sub.4-C.sub.6 saturated hydrocarbons by systems and methods comprising passing a feed comprising C.sub.4-C.sub.6 saturated hydrocarbons and hydrogen into a dehydrogenation unit to produce a dehydrogenation effluent, passing at least a portion of the dehydrogenation effluent into a hydrogenation unit to produce a hydrogenation effluent, and passing at least a portion of the hydrogenation effluent into a cracking unit to produce a cracking effluent comprising olefins. The dehydrogenation unit includes a dehydrogenation catalyst, the hydrogenation unit includes a hydrogenation catalyst, and the cracking unit includes a cracking catalyst.

It is intended to provide a novel zeolite with a rare earth element-substituted framework which has a higher amount of NOx adsorbed and a method for producing the same, and a NOx adsorption member and a catalyst for automobile exhaust gas, etc. comprising the same. The present invention provides a zeolite with a rare earth element-substituted framework, comprising at least a zeolite and at least one rare earth element selected from the group consisting of Ce, La, Nd and Pr, wherein a content ratio of the rare earth element is 1 to 15% by mass in total based on the total amount, and one or some of Al and/or Si atoms constituting the framework of the zeolite are replaced with the rare earth element.

A bi-modal radial flow reactor comprising a cylindrical outer housing surrounding at least five cylindrical, concentric zones, including at least three annulus vapor zones and at least two catalyst zones. The at least two catalyst zones comprise an outer catalyst zone and an inner catalyst zone. The at least three annulus vapor zones comprise an outer annulus vapor zone, a middle annulus vapor zone, and a central annulus vapor zone, wherein the central annulus vapor zone extends along a centerline of the bi-modal radial flow reactor. The outer catalyst zone is intercalated with the outer annulus vapor zone and the middle annulus vapor zone, and the inner catalyst zone is intercalated with the middle annulus vapor zone and the central annulus vapor zone. A removable head cover can be fixably coupled to a top of the cylindrical outer housing to seal a top of the bi-modal radial flow reactor.