A hydroprocessing catalyst composition that comprises a chelant treated metal containing support material having incorporated therein a polar additive. The catalyst composition is prepared by incorporating at least one metal component into a support material followed by treating the metal incorporated support with a chelating agent and thereafter incorporating a polar additive into the chelant treated composition.

Provided herein are cinchonium betaine catalysts and methods of promoting asymmetric butenolide isomerization reactions using the same.

A system for liquid hydrocarbon desulfurization having at least one reaction subsystem including at least one high intensity mixer and a stripping station. Multiple reaction subsystems can be utilized. A method is likewise disclosed for liquid hydrocarbon desulfurization.

Disclosed are N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) and 4-pyridinol-derived pincer ligands and metal complexes containing these ligands. These compounds can be used to photocatalyticaly reduce CO.sub.2 to CO.

The present invention relates to a catalyst having improved selectivity and reactivity and applied to preparing olefins by dehydrogenating C9 to C13 paraffin, and particularly to a technique for preparing a catalyst, which uses a heat-treated support having controlled pores, and most of metal components contained therein are distributed evenly in a support in the form of an alloy rather than in the form of each separate metal, thereby exhibiting high a conversion rate and selectivity when used in dehydrogenation.

A chiral catalyst represented by formula (II) is provided. In formula (II), Y independently includes hydrogen, fluorine, trifluoromethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, C.sub.mH.sub.2m+1 or OC.sub.mH.sub.2m+1, wherein m=1-10 and n=1-10. A heterogeneous chiral catalyst is also provided. The heterogeneous chiral catalyst includes the chiral catalyst represented by formula (II), and a substrate connected to the chiral catalyst. ##STR00001##

A degradation method of thermosetting resin is provided. The method includes the following steps, for example, a first resin composition is provided. The resin in the first resin composition includes a carbon-nitrogen bond, an ether bond, an ester bond or a combination thereof. The first resin composition and a catalyst composition are mixed to perform a degradation reaction to form a second resin composition. The catalyst composition includes a transition metal compound and a group IIIA metal compound. The second resin composition includes a resin monomer or an oligomer thereof having functional groups. The functional group includes an amine group, a hydroxyl group, an ester group, an acid group or a combination thereof. A catalyst composition used in the degradation method and a resin composition obtained by the degradation method are also provided.

A chiral catalyst represented by formula (II) is provided. In formula (II), Y independently includes hydrogen, fluorine, trifluoromethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, C.sub.mH.sub.2m+1 or OC.sub.mH.sub.2m+1, wherein m=1-10 and n=1-10. A heterogeneous chiral catalyst is also provided. The heterogeneous chiral catalyst includes the chiral catalyst represented by formula (II), and a substrate connected to the chiral catalyst.

##STR00001##

A chiral catalyst represented by formula (I) is provided. In formula (I), Z═Z.sub.1 or Z.sub.2, and the combination of Z.sub.1 and Z.sub.2 in formula (I) includes

##STR00001##

Y independently includes hydrogen, fluorine, trifluoromethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, C.sub.mH.sub.2m+1 or OC.sub.mH.sub.2m+1, m=1-10, and n=1-10. A heterogeneous chiral catalyst including the chiral catalyst is also provided.

##STR00002##

The current invention relates a process for making and using a bulk catalyst precursor (i.e. no support material is added as such) comprising Ni and Mo and/or W and an organic component, wherein the molar ratio of C:(Mo+W) ranges from 1.5 to 10. The bulk catalyst precursor is prepared from a mixture of metal-precursors with an organic agent. The organic agent is partly decomposed to form a mixed metal-oxide/C phase which is in effect the bulk catalyst precursor. This bulk catalyst precursor (i) is effectively insoluble in water (ii) does not have any appreciable pore volume or surface area and (iii) does not contain a (nano)crystalline metal-oxide phase as characterized by XRD.