The present disclosure is directed at a dosing method and apparatus for treatment of reductant urea solutions with water soluble organometallic catalyst precursors which convert to active catalyst compounds in diesel exhaust gas systems. The active catalysts then promote hydrolysis of isocyanic acid into ammonia and/or decomposition of relatively high molecular weight deposits which deposits may otherwise reduce selective catalytic reduction efficiency.

Disclosed herein are processes of making furan-based polyamides using solvent-free melt condensation of a diamine and an ester derivative of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid with a C.sub.2 to C.sub.12 aliphatic diol or a polyol. The processes comprise a) forming a reaction mixture by mixing one or more diamines, a diester comprising an ester derivative of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid with a C.sub.2 to C.sub.12 aliphatic diol or a polyol, and a catalyst, such that the diamine is present in an excess amount of at least 1 mol % with respect to the diester amount; and b) melt polycondensing the reaction mixture in the absence of a solvent at a temperature in the range of 60? C. to a maximum temperature of 250? C. under an inert atmosphere, while removing alkyl alcohol to form a furan-based polyamide, wherein the one or more diamines comprises an aliphatic diamine, an aromatic diamine, or an alkylaromatic diamine.

A method having the steps of heating a first mixture to at least 40 C. for a first period of time, wherein the first mixture contains the following two substances: a first aluminum-containing species and an alkylated phenol compound; after heating the first mixture to at least 40 C. for a first period of time, adding water to the first mixture to thereby create a second mixture, wherein the second mixture contains the following two substances: a second aluminum-containing species and the alkylated phenol compound; and removing the second aluminum-containing species from the second mixture by passing the second mixture through a first filter.

Porous, extruded titania-based materials further comprising one or more acids and/or prepared using one or more acids, Fischer-tropsch catalysts comprising them, uses of the foregoing, processes for making and using the same and products obtained from such processes.

Disclosed are an epoxy coating composition for protection of electronic circuit boards and a preparation method thereof to improve the reliability and durability of the electronic circuit board. The epoxy coating composition includes an amount of about 35 to 70 wt % of a modified epoxy resin including a fatty acid-acrylic epoxy resin, an amount of about 30 to 65 wt % of a first solvent, an amount of about 0.1 to 1.2 wt % of a metal catalyst, an amount of about 0.05 to 0.45 wt % of a defoamer, and an amount of about 0.1 to 0.5 wt % of a surface conditioner, based on the total weight of the epoxy coating composition. The fatty acid-acrylic epoxy resin is prepared by polymerizing a reactant that is obtained by a reaction between an epoxy resin mixture and an unsaturated fatty acid with an acrylic resin using a polymerization catalyst.

The invention concerns a process for the preparation of a catalyst based on tungsten intended for hydrotreatment or hydrocracking processes. The invention concerns a process for the preparation of a catalyst for carrying out hydrogenation reactions in hydrotreatment and hydrocracking processes. Said catalyst is prepared from at least one mononuclear precursor compound based on tungsten (W), in its monomeric or dimeric form, having at least one WO or WOR bond or at least one WS or WSR bond where [RC.sub.xH.sub.y where x1 and (x1)y(2x+1) or RSi(OR).sub.3 or RSi(R).sub.3 where RC.sub.xH.sub.y where x1 and (x1)y(2x+1)], optionally at least one Mo precursor and optionally at least one promoter element from group VIII. Said precursors are deposited onto an oxide support which is suitable for the process in which it is used, said catalyst advantageously being sulphurized before being deployed in said process.

A method for producing a catalyst for vinyl acetate production comprising a carrier, copper, palladium, gold, and an acetic acid salt, the method comprising, in the following order, step 1, in which an alkali solution is infiltrated into the carrier, step 2, in which the carrier is brought into contact and impregnated with a solution in which a copper-containing compound, a palladium-containing compound, and a gold-containing compound are contained in excess with respect to desired deposition amounts of the catalyst components, step 3, in which, after the catalyst components have been deposited in the desired deposition amounts, the carrier is separated from the solution, step 4, in which the carrier is brought into contact with water or an aqueous solution each having a pH of 7.0-11.5, step 5, in which a reduction treatment is conducted, and step 6, in which the acetic acid salt is deposited on the carrier.