A transformational energy efficient technology using ionic liquid (IL) to couple with monoethanolamine (MEA) for catalytic CO.sub.2 capture is disclosed. [EMmim.sup.+][NTF.sub.2.sup.−] based catalysts are rationally synthesized and used for CO.sub.2 capture with MEA. A catalytic CO.sub.2 capture mechanism is disclosed according to experimental and computational studies on the [EMmim.sup.+][NTF.sub.2.sup.−] for the reversible CO.sub.2 sorption and desorption.

A method for obtaining a salt with a general formula: R.sub.xNI, wherein: R.sub.xN is an organic cation (R.sub.xN.sup.+), R represents substituents (R−) independently selected from a group consisting of organic substituents: R.sup.1−, R.sup.2—, R.sup.3— and hydrogen (H—), x is a number of the substituents R— directly linked with the nitrogen (N) atom in the organic cation R.sub.xN.sup.+, wherein x is 3 or 4, I is an iodide anion (I.sup.−). The method comprises: preparing a reaction mixture comprising the steps of: synthesizing hydrogen iodide (HI) in situ by mixing molecular iodine (I.sub.2) with formic acid (COOH) in a molar ratio of molecular iodine (I.sub.2): formic acid (COOH) of no less than 1.01:1, in a solvent medium, introducing into the solvent medium a compound being a donor of organic cation R.sub.xN.sup.+ in an amount providing the molar ratio of the donor of organic cation R.sub.xN.sup.+: molecular iodine (I.sub.2) of no less than 1.01:1, and maintaining the reaction mixture at a temperature of not less than 20° C. for the time necessary to obtain the reaction product being the salt with the general formula R.sub.xNI. The obtained product is a substrate for synthesis of perovskites.

A blocking agent dissociation catalyst for blocked isocyanates comprising a nitrogen-containing compound represented by Formula (1a): ##STR00001##
wherein D is represented by Formula (2): ##STR00002##
wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, and a are as described in the specification.

A method for preparing biliverdin or a derivative thereof includes applying a compound represented by formula 2 as a raw material; R is hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.5 alkyl, or benzyl; “” at positions A and B independently represent a single bond or a double bond; when “” represents a single bond, R.sub.1 or R.sub.2 connected to the single bond is selected from one of tosyl, p-toluenesulfonyl, phenylsulfonyl, phenylsulfinyl; and when “” represents a double bond, R.sub.1 or R.sub.2 connected to the double bond is hydrogen.

A blocking agent dissociation catalyst for blocked isocyanates comprising a nitrogen-containing compound represented by Formula (1a):

##STR00001##

wherein D is represented by Formula (2):

##STR00002##

wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, and a are as described in the specification.

The present invention provides novel aclidinium salt of the formula (I) and a process for the production of the aclidinium salt.

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1 is C1-C6 alkyl or C1-C6 alkyloxy; R.sup.2 is hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyloxy; R.sup.3 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl or C1-C6 alkyloxy; R.sup.4 is hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyloxy, halo C1-C6 alkyloxy or C1-C6 alkylamino; R.sup.5 is C1-C3 alkyl; and X.sup.− is an anion.

Catalyst complexes include a zinc hexacyanocobaltate with M.sup.5 metal and M.sup.6 metal or semi-metal phases, wherein M.sup.5 metal is gallium, hafnium, manganese, titanium and/or indium and the M.sup.6 metal or semi-metal is one or more of aluminum, magnesium, manganese, scandium, molybdenum, cobalt, tungsten, iron, vanadium, tin, titanium, silicon and zinc and is different from the M.sup.5 metal. The catalysts are highly efficient propylene oxide polymerization catalysts characterized by rapid activation, short times to the onset of rapid polymerization and high polymerization rates once rapid polymerization has begun.

The present disclosure discloses a core-shell structured NiSe.sub.2@NC electrocatalytic material having a general formula of NiSe.sub.2@NC. The present disclosure also provides a preparation method and use of the catalytic material. In the present disclosure, hydrazine hydrate is used as a reducing agent, selenium powders are used as a source of selenium, and a metal-organic framework (MOF) is used as a precursor. Selective selenization of mixed-linker MOFs based on mixed ligands is carried out through a hydrothermal reaction. Then, a series of adjustable N-doped carbon-coated NiSe.sub.2 nano-octahedrons are prepared through a one-step calcination reaction. By adjusting the types of mixed ligands in the MOF, carbon-coated nickel diselenide composites doped with different pyridinic-N contents can be obtained. Corresponding electrochemical tests prove that, the electrocatalytic activity has a strong correlation with the content of pyridinic-N.

A compound by the name 1,1,1-tris(di(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)phosphino-methyl)ethane. The compound can be represented by the structure of formula (I): ##STR00001##
The compound is useful as a ligand for ruthenium to form an organometallic complex. The complex is an active catalyst for the hydrogenolysis of amides to form amines and optionally alcohols.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a thermosetting epoxy resin composition with ability to allow cured products to have excellent toughness and to stably maintain high stiffness. In order to achieve the purpose, the thermosetting epoxy resin composition of the present invention includes the following components [a], [b], [c], and [d], wherein the stoichiometric ratio [b]/[a] of the component [b] to the component [a] is in the range from 0.7 to 2.0 thermosetting epoxy resin composition: [a] an epoxy resin; [b] an isocyanate curing agent; [c] an elastomeric toughening agent; [d] an oxazolidone cyclization catalyst.