A nano platelet gibbsite treated with compound of formula (OR.sup.a).sub.3Si—R or of formula R.sup.c—COOH wherein R.sup.a equal to or different from each other is a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl radical; R.sup.b is a C.sub.5-C.sub.30 hydrocarbon radical and R.sup.c is a C.sub.5-C.sub.30 hydrocarbon radical is used as a catalyst support.

Synthesis of silanes with more than three silicon atoms are disclosed (i.e., (Si.sub.nH.sub.(2n+2) with n=4-100). More particularly, the disclosed synthesis methods tune and optimize the isomer ratio by selection of process parameters such as temperature, residence time, and the relative amount of starting compounds, as well as selection of proper catalyst. The disclosed synthesis methods allow facile preparation of silanes containing more than three silicon atoms and particularly, the silanes containing preferably one major isomer. The pure isomers and isomer enriched mixtures are prepared by catalytic transformation of silane (SiH.sub.4), disilane (Si.sub.2H.sub.6), trisilane (Si.sub.3H.sub.8), and mixtures thereof.

A plant protection agent includes a photocatalyst particle containing a titanium oxide compound. The surface of the photocatalyst particle is modified with a metal compound that includes a metal atom and a hydrocarbon group. The photocatalyst particle has absorption at a wavelength of 550 nm.

A compound containing at least one hexahydrotriazine unit of formula (I) having at least one amidine or guanidine group and to the use thereof as a catalyst for the crosslinking of a functional compound, in particular a polymer including silane groups. The compound contains at least one hexahydrotriazine unit of formula (I) is producible in a simple process from readily available feedstocks, odorless at room temperature, non-volatile and largely non-toxic. The compound accelerates the crosslinking of functional polymers surprisingly well and by simple variation of the substituents is variable such that it has very good compatibility in different polymers as a result of which such compositions do not have a propensity for migration-based defects such as separation, exudation or substrate contamination.

The present disclosure belongs to the technical field of indomethacin synthesis, and discloses a method for synthesizing an indomethacin and an analogue thereof. The method for synthesizing an indomethacin and an analogue thereof includes steps of: introducing an alkyl group, an aromatic ring or a heteroaromatic ring directly at the C2 position of indole, a carboxylic acid fragment at the C3 position of the indole, and an aroyl group at the N1 position of the indole through palladium-catalyzed reactions. The present disclosure solves a problem: most of the existing indomethacin synthesis methods are achieved by construction of an indole ring and modification; simple structural changes of an indomethacin molecule based on this synthetic strategy often require de novo synthesis; the late modification and structure-activity relationship study of the indomethacin molecule have lengthy synthetic steps.

A chiral catalyst represented by formula (II) is provided. In formula (II), Y independently includes hydrogen, fluorine, trifluoromethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, C.sub.mH.sub.2m+1 or OC.sub.mH.sub.2m+1, wherein m=1-10 and n=1-10. A heterogeneous chiral catalyst is also provided. The heterogeneous chiral catalyst includes the chiral catalyst represented by formula (II), and a substrate connected to the chiral catalyst. ##STR00001##

A chiral catalyst represented by formula (II) is provided. In formula (II), Y independently includes hydrogen, fluorine, trifluoromethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, C.sub.mH.sub.2m+1 or OC.sub.mH.sub.2m+1, wherein m=1-10 and n=1-10. A heterogeneous chiral catalyst is also provided. The heterogeneous chiral catalyst includes the chiral catalyst represented by formula (II), and a substrate connected to the chiral catalyst.

##STR00001##

A chiral catalyst represented by formula (I) is provided. In formula (I), Z═Z.sub.1 or Z.sub.2, and the combination of Z.sub.1 and Z.sub.2 in formula (I) includes

##STR00001##

Y independently includes hydrogen, fluorine, trifluoromethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, C.sub.mH.sub.2m+1 or OC.sub.mH.sub.2m+1, m=1-10, and n=1-10. A heterogeneous chiral catalyst including the chiral catalyst is also provided.

##STR00002##

This disclosure relates to synthetic coupling methods using catalytic molecules. In certain embodiments, the catalytic molecules comprise heterocyclic thiolamide, S-acylthiosalicylamide, disulfide, selenium containing heterocycle, diselenide compound, ditelluride compound or tellurium containing heterocycle. Catalytic molecules disclosed herein are useful as catalysts in the transformation of hydroxy group containing compounds to amides, esters, ketones, and other carbon to heteroatom or carbon to carbon transformations

The instant disclosure provides a method for manufacturing an electroless plating substrate and a method for forming a metal layer on a surface of a substrate. The method for preparing the electroless plating substrate includes: providing a substrate; attaching a self-adsorbed catalyst composition to a surface of the substrate; and performing an electroless metal deposition for forming an electroless metal layer on the surface of the substrate. The self-adsorbed catalyst composition includes a colloidal nanoparticle and a silane compound. The colloidal nanoparticle includes a palladium nanoparticle and a capping agent enclosing the palladium nanoparticle. The silane compound has at least one amino group to interact with the colloidal nanoparticle. A covalent bond between the silane compound and the surface of the substrate is formed through the at least one silane group of the silane compound. The colloid nanoparticle has a particle size ranging from 5 to 10 nanometers.