Presented herein is a coupling method for the preparation of 1,2-di(thiophen-2-yl)ethane-1,2-diol compounds, including (E)-1,2-di(thiophen-2-yl)ethene-1,2-diol, via a Cu(II) catalyst.

Compositions and methods for hydrogen production are disclosed.

Described herein are methods of inducing an immune response directed towards preventing or reducing the risk of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in a mammalian subject. The subject is administered an effective amount of a composition containing IgM antibodies directed to an epitope of an envelope protein of the HIV virus. Also disclosed here are vaccine compositions comprising IgM antibodies directed to one or more epitopes of one or more human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins. Also disclosed are recombinant immunoglobulin M compositions containing a Fcγ fragment of an immunoglobulin G.

This invention relates generally to olefin metathesis catalysts, to the preparation of such compounds, compositions comprising such compounds, methods of using such compounds, and the use of such compounds in the metathesis of olefins and in the synthesis of related olefin metathesis catalysts. The invention has utility in the fields of catalysis, organic synthesis, polymer chemistry, and in industrial applications such as oil and gas, fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals.

A method of manufacturing a poly(ether-carbonate) polyol comprises a polymerization stage that includes polymerizing carbon dioxide and at least one alkylene oxide, with a starter, in the presence of a double metal cyanide polymerization catalyst and a catalyst promoter that is devoid of halide anions and cyanide. The catalyst promoter is separate from the double metal cyanide polymerization catalyst.

Disclosed is a method for synthesizing dihydroxyl-terminated polyphenylene oxide oligomer. The method for synthesizing dihydroxyl-terminated polyphenylene oxide oligomer, comprising oxidatively copolymerizing monohydric phenol and dihydric phenol in the presence of a metal-polyethyleneimine complex as a catalyst, to obtain the dihydroxyl-terminated polyphenylene oxide oligomer. The synthesizing method of the present disclosure uses a metal-polyethyleneimine complex as a catalyst, which has a milder catalytic activity, can effectively promote the reaction between the dihydric phenol and the monohydric phenol, increases the hydroxyl content of the product, meanwhile reduces the amount of the residual dihydric phenol monomer in the product, so that the quality of the product can be improved. The dihydroxyl-terminated polyphenylene oxide oligomer prepared can be used as additive and copolymerization block in other thermoplastic plastics, thermoplastic elastomers and thermosetting materials, thereby improving the performances of the material, such as thermal performance, adhesion, mechanical property, chemical resistance, and electrical property.

Novel ruthenium complexes of general formula 4

##STR00001##

in which the substituents are defined herein. The present disclosure relates also to methods for preparing such compounds and use thereof as catalysts and/or (pre)catalysts in olefin cross metathesis.

Disclosed herein are methods for preparing isotopically modified polyunsaturated lipids containing 1,4-diene systems involving selective isotopic modification of one or more bis-allylic positions of the polyunsaturated lipids in the presence of a transition metal catalyst.

A catalyst exhibiting high reusability and capable of reducing the amount of residual metals in a reaction liquid in a process wherein an optically active reduction product is produced by an asymmetric reduction reaction of an organic compound is disclosed. The catalyst contains an activated carbon on which a ruthenium complex of formula (1-1) and/or (1-2) is adsorbed:

##STR00001##

##STR00002##

The present invention relates to a ligand compound represented by the following Formula 1, an organochromium compound, a catalyst system including the organochromium compound and a method for oligomerizing ethylene using the same:

##STR00001## wherein Cy, and R.sub.1 to R.sub.4 are described herein.