A new phosphinimine polymerization catalyst exhibits restricted rotation about a carbon-phosphorous bond. The restricted rotation is demonstrated using variable temperature .sup.1H NMR. Ethylene copolymers made using the catalysts have microstructures which are dependent on the temperature at which polymerization takes place.

Methods are described herein that involve rotating or gently mixing nickel(II)-containing particles in a reaction vessel while heating the particles and flowing a reducing atmosphere through the reaction vessel for a time sufficient to generate free-flowing nickel metal (Ni(0)) from the nickel(II)-containing particles.

A light reactor for photochemical material production and/or treatment including a receiving space for receiving materials to be irradiated and/or receiving a reaction vessel containing such materials, a plurality of light sources, and a plurality of optical elements, which are distributed in an annular region in a plurality of rows around the receiving space. The optical elements are designed to form light bundles having main emission axes which, from row to row, are tilted differently with respect to a longitudinal axis of the annular region and together form a radiation space constricted between two cone tips, the center of which radiation space is in the central region of the receiving space.

A method for preparing a homogenous catalyst for the production of linear alpha olefins includes: preparing a first pre-catalyst solution comprising a modifier and an organoaluminum compound in a first solvent wherein the first pre-catalyst solution is reacted and stored in a first vessel for a period of time of 1 hour to 90 days; preparing a second pre-catalyst solution comprising a second solvent, a ligand, and a chromium containing compound, wherein the second pre-catalyst solution is stored in a second vessel for a period of time of 1 hour to 90 days; and after a period of time, adding the first pre-catalyst solution to a catalyst pre-formation unit; after the same period of time, adding the second pre-catalyst solution to the catalyst pre-formation unit; forming a homogenous catalyst by mixing the first pre-catalyst solution and the second pre-catalyst solution; adding the homogeneous catalyst to a reaction vessel, wherein the reaction vessel comprises an alpha olefin; and forming the linear alpha olefin by mixing the homogeneous catalyst and the homogenous catalyst.

The present invention relates to a pyridinium oxazole dyad scaffold of formula (I) and a process for the preparation thereof. The present invention further discloses a pyridine compound of formula (II) which is used for the preparation of formula (I) and a process for preparation thereof.

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A new phosphinimine polymerization catalyst exhibits restricted rotation about a carbon-phosphorous bond. The restricted rotation is demonstrated using variable temperature .sup.1H NMR. Ethylene copolymers made using the catalysts have microstructures which are dependent on the temperature at which polymerization takes place.

A process for producing isomerized olefins, branched aldehydes and branched alcohols through isomerization, hydroformylation and hydrogenation.

Disclosed are nickel-containing complexation precursors having high complexation activity for bidentate phosphite ligands. Also disclosed are methods of making the complexation precursors. The disclosed method of generating the nickel-containing complexation precursor includes including contacting a nickel starting material with a reductant under conditions sufficient to generate a nickel-containing complexation precursor having at least about 1,500 ppmw sulfur in the form of sulfide.

A process for producing isomerized olefins, branched aldehydes and branched alcohols through isomerization, hydroformylation and hydrogenation.

As described herein, nickel treated with sulfur provides a surprisingly effective source of nickel atoms for generating nickel-phosphorus-containing ligand complexes useful as hydrocyanation catalysts.