There is provided a process for the reduction of one or more amide moieties in a compound comprising contacting the compound with hydrogen gas and a transition metal catalyst in the presence or absence of a base under conditions for the reduction an amide bond. The presently described processes can be performed at low catalyst loading using relatively mild temperature and pressures, and optionally, in the presence or absence of a base or high catalyst loadings using low temperatures and pressures and high loadings of base to effect dynamic kinetic resolution of achiral amides.

N.sup.2-phosphinyl amidine compounds, N.sup.2-phosphinyl amidinates, N.sup.2-phosphinyl amidine metal salt complexes, N.sup.2-phosphinyl amidinate metal salt complexes are described. Methods for making N.sup.2-phosphinyl amidine compounds, N.sup.2-phosphinyl amidinates, N.sup.2-phosphinyl amidine metal salt complexes, and N.sup.2-phosphinyl amidinate metal salt complexes are also disclosed. Catalyst systems utilizing the N.sup.2-phosphinyl amidine metal salt complexes and N.sup.2-phosphinyl amidinate metal salt complexes are also disclosed along with the use of the N.sup.2-phosphinyl amidine compounds, N.sup.2-phosphinyl amidinates, N.sup.2-phosphinyl amidine metal salt complexes, and N.sup.2-phosphinyl amidinate metal salt complexes for the oligomerization and/or polymerization of olefins.

A renewable biofuel based on a highly efficient batch catalysis methodology for conversion of 1-butene to a new class of potential jet fuel blends. By tuning the catalyst and then using the dimer produced, the carbon use is about 95% or greater. This latter point will be particularly important in the future, where the source of raw materials (i.e., biomass/biofeedstock) is limited.

The present invention relates to a ligand compound, an organic chromium compound, a catalyst system for ethylene oligomerization, a preparation method thereof, and an ethylene oligomerization method using the same. The catalyst system for ethylene oligomerization according to the present invention is used to prepare a low-density polyethylene in one reactor by using a small amount of comonomers such as alpha-olefin or by using only ethylene without comonomers, because it maintains high catalytic activity and high alpha-olefin selectivity even though supported on a support.

A method comprising obtaining a control catalyst set having a plurality of members each having a control characteristic, wherein the members of the control catalyst set comprise a transition metal and an organic ligand, selecting an intermediate formed during a catalytic cycle of each member of the control catalyst set, geometrically and energetically optimizing a structure of the intermediate, determining one or more characteristics of the geometrically and energetically optimized structure of the intermediate, determining a mathematical relationship between the control characteristic and the one or more characteristics of the geometrically and energetically optimized structure of the intermediate, utilizing the mathematical relationship to identify one or more members of a sample catalyst set having a control characteristic within a desired range, contacting the identified sample catalyst with a reactant under conditions suitable for the formation of product, and recovering the product.

This invention relates to molecular catalysts and chemical reactions utilizing the same, and particularly to catalysts and catalytic methods for reduction of molecular nitrogen. The molecular catalytic platform provided herein is capable of the facile reduction of molecular nitrogen under useful conditions such as room temperature or less and atmospheric pressure or less.

The present invention relates to the technical field of organic chemistry, specifically an asymmetrical hydrogenation of an ∂-ketonic acid compound, the technical proposal being as shown by the following formula:

##STR00001##

Wherein R.sup.1 is a phenyl, a substituted phenyl, a naphthyl a substituted naphthyl, a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl or aralkyl, the substitute is a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkoxy, a halogen, the number of the substituents is 1-3.

M is a chiral spiro-pyridyl amido phosphine ligand iridium complex having the following structure,

##STR00002##

Wherein, R is hydrogen, 3-methyl, 4-.sup.tBu or 6-methyl

The present invention relates to a compound represented by the chemical formula 1, a catalyst system for olefin oligomerization comprising the same, and a method for oligomerizign olefins using the same, and the catalyst system for olefin oligomerization according to the present invention has excellent catalytic activity as well as high selectivity for 1-hexene or 1-octene, thereby enabling more efficient preparation of alpha-olefins.

The present invention may provide an asymmetric hydrogenation catalyst capable of resolving enantiomers with excellent enantioselectivity from a carbon-carbon double bond-containing compound. The catalyst according to one embodiment of the present invention includes: an iridium cation; and a ligand bonded to the iridium cation.

The present invention relates to a method for producing a formic acid including, a first step of allowing carbon dioxide and hydrogen to react with each other in a solution containing a solvent and a catalyst dissolved in the solvent and in the presence of an amine insoluble in the solvent, and allowing a generated formic acid to adsorb to the amine, in which the catalyst contains at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of metal elements belonging to Groups 8, 9, and 10 of a periodic table and the amine is an amine immobilized on a solid.