The invention relates to oligomerization of olefins, such as ethylene, to higher olefins, such as a mixture of 1-hexene and 1-octene, using a catalyst system that comprises a) a source of chromium b) one or more activators and c) a phosphacycle-containing ligating compound. Additionally, the invention relates to a phosphacycle-containing ligating compound and a process for making said compound.

The invention relates to oligomerization of olefins, such as ethylene, to higher olefins, such as a mixture of 1-hexene and 1-octene, using a catalyst system that comprises a) a source of chromium b) one or more activators and c) a phosphacycle-containing ligating compound. Additionally, the invention relates to a phosphacycle-containing ligating compound and a process for making said compound.

Ligands for use with catalyst compositions used in hydroformylation reactions are described herein. The ligands are used with various octofluorotoluene or hydrocarbon solvents and achieve an increase in isoselectivity with an increase in temperature, an increase in TON with an increase in temperature, and/or will show isoselectivity that is surprisingly high in comparison to the hydroformylation reactions using common solvents.

The invention relates to oligomerization of olefins, such as ethylene, to higher olefins, such as a mixture of 1-hexene and 1-octene, using a catalyst system that comprises a) a source of chromium b) one or more activators and c) a phosphacycle-containing ligating compound. Additionally, the invention relates to a phosphacycle-containing ligating compound and a process for making said compound.

Ligands for use with catalyst compositions used in hydroformylation reactions are described herein. The ligands are used with various octofluorotoluene or hydrocarbon solvents and achieve an increase in isoselectivity with an increase in temperature, an increase in TON with an increase in temperature, and/or will show isoselectivity that is surprisingly high in comparison to the hydroformylation reactions using common solvents.

The present invention relates to the field of catalytic hydrogenation and, more particularly, to the use of a base-free catalytic system comprising a specific rhodium complex for the reduction of a conjugated dienal or dienone into the corresponding deconjugated enal or deconjugated enone.

Provided herein is a compound of formula (I):

##STR00001##

wherein each R is independently selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1-8 alkyl, C.sub.1-8 heteroalkyl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S, C.sub.3-6 cycloalkyl, 3-10 membered heterocycloalkyl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S, C.sub.6-10 aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S; each X is independently selected from OH, PAr.sub.2, P(O)Ar.sub.2, OPAr.sub.2, C.sub.3-6 cycloalkyl, 3-10 membered heterocycloalkyl having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S or each X together form O.sub.2PNR.sub.2; Ar is C.sub.6-10aryl; and each R is independently selected from hydrogen and C.sub.1-8 alkyl. Also provided are methods of making and using the compound of formula (I).

The invention relates to oligomerization of olefins, such as ethylene, to higher olefins, such as a mixture of 1-hexene and 1-octene, using a catalyst system that comprises a) a source of chromium b) one or more activators and c) a phosphacycle-containing ligating compound. Additionally, the invention relates to a phosphacycle-containing ligating compound and a process for making said compound.

Ligands for use with catalyst compositions used in hydroformylation reactions are described herein. The ligands are used with various ester solvents and achieve an increase in isoselectivity with an increase in temperature, an increase in TON with an increase in temperature, and/or will show isoselectivity that is surprisingly high in comparison to the hydroformylation reactions using common solvents.

Ligands for use with catalyst compositions used in hydroformylation reactions are described herein. The ligands are used with various octofluorotoluene or hydrocarbon solvents and achieve an increase in isoselectivity with an increase in temperature, an increase in TON with an increase in temperature, and/or will show isoselectivity that is surprisingly high in comparison to the hydroformylation reactions using common solvents.