Processes for converting a hydrocarbon reactant into an alcohol compound and/or a carbonyl compound are disclosed in which the hydrocarbon reactant and either a supported chromium (VI) catalyst or a supported chromium (II) catalyst are contacted, optionally with UV-visible light irradiation, followed by exposure to an oxidizing atmosphere and then hydrolysis to form a reaction product containing the alcohol compound and/or the carbonyl compound. The presence of oxygen significant increases the amount of alcohol/carbonyl product formed, as well as the formation of oxygenated dimers and trimers of certain hydrocarbon reactants.

A catalyst comprising: a titanium oxide having an anatase-type crystal structure, and having the vertices and the ridge lines, wherein in a single titanium oxide particle, a vertex density per unit surface area is 8.010.sup.4 nm.sup.2 or more, and a ridge line density per unit surface area is 5.010.sup.2 nm or more, or a ridge line density per unit volume is 8.010.sup.3 nm.sup.2 or more. A complex comprising: a material having a porous structure; and said catalyst. A membrane electrode assembly comprising: an anode; cathode; and an electrolyte membrane, wherein the cathode carries said catalyst on at least a surface of the cathode.

An autothermal reforming catalytic structure for generating hydrogen gas from liquid hydrocarbons, steam and an oxygen source. The autothermal reforming catalytic structure includes a support structure and nanosized mixed metal oxide particles dispersed homogenously throughout the support structure.

An autothermal reforming catalytic structure for generating hydrogen gas from liquid hydrocarbons, steam and an oxygen source. The autothermal reforming catalytic structure includes a support structure and nanosized mixed metal oxide particles dispersed homogenously throughout the support structure.

A catalyst composition comprising an intermetallic compound is disclosed. The intermetallic compound comprises a transition metal selected from Fe, Ce, Y, Nb and combinations thereof; and a noble metal selected from Pt, Pd, Rh and combinations thereof. The invention further relates to a washcoat comprising the catalyst composition, and a catalyst article comprising the catalyst composition, a method of treating exhaust gas with the catalyst article, a method for manufacturing the catalyst article and systems comprising the catalyst article.

The invention provides a process for preparing a cobalt-containing catalyst precursor. The process includes calcining a loaded catalyst support comprising a silica (SiO.sub.2) catalyst support supporting cobalt nitrate to convert the cobalt nitrate into cobalt oxide. The calcination includes heating the loaded catalyst support at a high heating rate, which does not fall below 10? C./minute, during at least a temperature range A. The temperature range A is from the lowest temperature at which calcination of the loaded catalyst support begins to 165? C. Gas flow is effected over the loaded catalyst support during at least the temperature range A. The catalyst precursor is reduced to obtain a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst.

Nano-sized mixed metal oxide catalysts capable of producing methanol (CH.sub.3OH) from carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) and hydrogen (H.sub.2) or from carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen (H.sub.2), methods of making the catalyst, and uses thereof are described herein. The nano-sized mixed metal oxide catalysts can have a formula of: [Cu.sub.aZn.sub.bAl.sub.cM.sub.d.sup.1]O.sub.n where a is 20 to 80, b is 15 to 60, c is 1 to 25, d is 0 to 15 and n is determined by the oxidation states of the other elements is determined by the oxidation states, and M.sup.1 can be yttrium (Y), cerium (Ce), tin (Sn), sodium (Na), bismuth (Bi), magnesium (Mg), or gadolinium (Gd).

A method for producing a shaped CuZn catalyst for hydrogenating organic compounds containing a carbonyl function. The shaped catalyst is suitable for hydrogenating aldehydes, ketones and also carboxylic acids and/or their esters, fatty acids and/or their esters, such as fatty acid methyl esters, to the corresponding alcohols, dicarboxylic anhydrides, such as maleic anhydride (MAn), or esters of diacids to dialcohols, such as butanediol. The present invention further relates to CuZn catalysts obtainable by the production method.

The invention relates to a method for preparing a hydrogenation catalyst or catalyst precursor comprising a catalytically active material and a carrier material. The method involves the mixing of an acidic solution comprising metal ions of a metal selected from the IUPAC group 8, 9 or 10 metals, preferably cobalt, a suspension comprising the carrier material and an alkaline solution. The invention also relates to a precursor of a hydrogenation catalyst wherein the precursor comprises crystallites of metal oxides having an average size of max. 8 nm.

A layered emission control device for an engine system is provided, including a plurality of catalytic layers, the catalytic layers optionally or additionally comprising sublayers, each sublayer having a distinct composition. Advantages of such a device include providing increased treatment rates of one or more engine exhaust gas species over a wide range of engine exhaust operating conditions, while reducing exhaust emissions, and reducing a size of the emissions control system.