A method of manufacturing a catalyst article, the method comprising: providing a complex of a compound of formula (I):

##STR00001##

and a PGM, R1 is H or C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, R2 is H, OH, or OC.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl, the PGM comprising rhodium and/or platinum; providing a support material; applying the complex to the support material to form a loaded support material; disposing the loaded support material on a substrate; and heating the loaded support material to form nanoparticles of the PGM on the support material.

A method of manufacturing a catalyst article, the method comprising: providing a complex of a compound of formula (I):

##STR00001##

and a PGM, R1 is H or C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, R2 is H, OH, or OC.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl, the PGM comprising palladium; providing a support material; applying the complex to the support material to form a loaded support material; disposing the loaded support material on a substrate; and heating the loaded support material to form nanoparticles of the PGM on the support material.

The present invention relates to a SCR catalytic article, comprising a substrate and a copper-containing small pore zeolite, having a crystal structure characterized by a decrease of unit cell volume upon sulfurization and desulfurization of less than ?.sup.3 as determined by an X-ray powder diffraction, wherein the sulfurization and desulfurization are carried out in accordance with the processes as described in the specification, and to an exhaust treatment system comprising the same. The present invention also relates to a method for determining whether a metal-promoted small pore zeolite is resistant to irreversible sulfur poisoning and a method for evaluating whether a metal-promoted small pore zeolite is qualified for resistance to irreversible sulfur poisoning.

The present invention relates to a SCR catalytic article, comprising a substrate and a copper-containing small pore zeolite, having a crystal structure characterized by a decrease of unit cell volume upon sulfurization and desulfurization of less than ?.sup.3 as determined by an X-ray powder diffraction, wherein the sulfurization and desulfurization are carried out in accordance with the processes as described in the specification, and to an exhaust treatment system comprising the same. The present invention also relates to a method for determining whether a metal-promoted small pore zeolite is resistant to irreversible sulfur poisoning and a method for evaluating whether a metal-promoted small pore zeolite is qualified for resistance to irreversible sulfur poisoning.

The present disclosure provides a honeycomb catalyst for catalytic oxidative degradation of VOCs prepared by an ultrasonic double-atomization process. The honeycomb catalyst is prepared by performing acidification and performing hydrothermal activation in alcoholic solution for honeycomb to modify a surface; dissolving soluble transition metal inorganic salt in deionized water to obtain precursor solution; performing ultrasonic atomization of the precursor solution and the precipitant solution in the ultrasonic atomization device into droplets; placing the modified honeycomb in a special quartz glass reactor, wherein the droplets enter into the quartz glass reactor through a pipeline to come into contact with a surface of a honeycomb hole and rapidly react to generate a hydroxide precursor on the surface of the honeycomb hole; drying the honeycomb into a drying box after performing the ultrasonic atomization, and calcining the honeycomb into a muffle furnace to obtain the honeycomb catalyst loaded with transition metal oxides.

The present disclosure provides a honeycomb catalyst for catalytic oxidative degradation of VOCs prepared by an ultrasonic double-atomization process. The honeycomb catalyst is prepared by performing acidification and performing hydrothermal activation in alcoholic solution for honeycomb to modify a surface; dissolving soluble transition metal inorganic salt in deionized water to obtain precursor solution; performing ultrasonic atomization of the precursor solution and the precipitant solution in the ultrasonic atomization device into droplets; placing the modified honeycomb in a special quartz glass reactor, wherein the droplets enter into the quartz glass reactor through a pipeline to come into contact with a surface of a honeycomb hole and rapidly react to generate a hydroxide precursor on the surface of the honeycomb hole; drying the honeycomb into a drying box after performing the ultrasonic atomization, and calcining the honeycomb into a muffle furnace to obtain the honeycomb catalyst loaded with transition metal oxides.

Provided is an SCR catalyst article comprising a substrate having thereon a second catalyst composition downstream of a first catalyst composition, wherein the first and second catalyst compositions are different and wherein the first catalyst composition is an SCR catalyst composition and the second catalyst composition comprises an Fe-loaded small- or medium-pore molecular sieve, the small- or medium-pore molecular sieve having a silica-to-alumina ratio (SAR) of from 6 to 19.

Provided is an SCR catalyst article comprising a substrate having thereon a second catalyst composition downstream of a first catalyst composition, wherein the first and second catalyst compositions are different and wherein the first catalyst composition is an SCR catalyst composition and the second catalyst composition comprises an Fe-loaded small- or medium-pore molecular sieve, the small- or medium-pore molecular sieve having a silica-to-alumina ratio (SAR) of from 6 to 19.

A heater element includes a honeycomb structure, and satisfies either of the following condition (i) or (ii): (i) a first electrode is provided on one end surface, and a second electrode has an electrode portion A provided on the other end surface, and an electrode portion B connected to the electrode portion A and provided on a surface of partition walls; (ii) the first electrode has an electrode portion A provided on the one end surface, and an electrode portion B connected to the electrode portion A and provided on the surface of the partition walls, and the second electrode has an electrode portion A provided on the other end surface, and an electrode portion B connected to the electrode portion A and provided on a surface of the partition walls.

A heater element includes a honeycomb structure, and satisfies either of the following condition (i) or (ii): (i) a first electrode is provided on one end surface, and a second electrode has an electrode portion A provided on the other end surface, and an electrode portion B connected to the electrode portion A and provided on a surface of partition walls; (ii) the first electrode has an electrode portion A provided on the one end surface, and an electrode portion B connected to the electrode portion A and provided on the surface of the partition walls, and the second electrode has an electrode portion A provided on the other end surface, and an electrode portion B connected to the electrode portion A and provided on a surface of the partition walls.