A long life catalyst is provided that is conveniently and inexpensively capable of being produced and that is highly active and has inhibited metal leakage. According to aspects of the present invention, a catalyst is provided that includes: a polymer including a plurality of first structural units and a plurality of second structural units; and metal acting as a catalytic center, wherein at least part of the metal is covered with the polymer, each of the plurality of first structural units has a first atom constituting a main chain of the polymer and a first substituent group bonded to the first atom, a second atom included in each of the plurality of second structural units is bonded to the first atom, and the second atom is different from the first atom, or at least one of all substituent groups on the second atom is different from the first substituent group.

In a platinum group metal supported catalyst column, a platinum group metal supported catalyst is a catalyst in which at least one of platinum group metal nanoparticles, platinum group metal ions, and platinum group metal complex ions is supported on an ion exchanger, wherein the exchanger is composed of a continuous skeleton phase and a continuous pore phase, the thickness of the continuous skeleton is 1-100 ?m, the average diameter of the continuous pore is 1-1000 ?m, the total pore volume is 0.5-50 mL/g, the ion exchange capacity per weight in a dry state is 1-9 mg equivalent/g, and the ion exchanger is non-particulate organic porous ion exchanger in which the ion exchange groups are distributed in the ion exchanger, the amount of platinum group metal nanoparticles, etc., supported is 0.004-20 wt % in a dry state, and a platinum group metal scavenger is provided at the backward stage catalyst.

A dual-pathway system for CO.sub.2 capture in both acidified and basified streams is provided. The system may be embodied in an off-shore stand-alone facility to allow for the operation of oceanic CO.sub.2 capture to be more efficient and cost effective. Systems maintain high environmental standards by containing all intermediate acidic and alkaline solutions in a closed system so that the effluent discharged back into the ocean is at the similar pH and salinity as the feed oceanwater, with only CO.sub.2 removed. Acid and base produced by an electrodialyzer unit is used to achieve oceanwater decarbonization via gaseous CO.sub.2 removal and solid CaCO.sub.3 precipitates removal. The system is configured to require the processing of a very small fraction of the total oceanwater intake for the acid-base generation process.

The purpose of this invention is to prepare lanthanum (La) supported tin oxide-titania (SnO.sub.2TiO.sub.2) nanoparticles in the presence of three different solvents (Ethyl acetate, Benzyl alcohol, Ethylene glycol) as directing medium, through sol-gel followed by hydrothermal method for nanofiltration system.

The present disclosure is directed to microparticles comprising carbon, wherein a plurality of nanoparticles are supported on the surface of the microparticle. The nanoparticles comprise at least one transition metal compound selected from the group consisting of transition metal carbides, transition metal nitrides, transition metal sulfides, transition metal phosphides, transition metal carbonitrides, transition metal sulfonitrides, transition metal carbosulfides, transition metal phosphocarbides, transition metal phosphonitrides, transition metal phosphosulfides, transition metal carbosulfonitrides, transition metal carbophosphonitrides, transition metal phosphosulfonitrides, transition metal carbophosphosulfonitrides, and interstitial derivatives thereof. The present disclosure is also directed to processes for preparing such microparticles and to polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) that comprise such microparticles, as well as to the use of such PEMs in fuel cells.

An autothermal reforming catalytic structure for generating hydrogen gas from liquid hydrocarbons, steam and an oxygen source. The autothermal reforming catalytic structure includes a support structure and nanosized mixed metal oxide particles dispersed homogenously throughout the support structure.

An autothermal reforming catalytic structure for generating hydrogen gas from liquid hydrocarbons, steam and an oxygen source. The autothermal reforming catalytic structure includes a support structure and nanosized mixed metal oxide particles dispersed homogenously throughout the support structure.

This application relates to a photoactive product comprising: a catechol-containing compound, an amine-containing polymer, and photoactive material. The photoactive product can act as a photocatalyst and can be used in photoelectrodes for use in, for example, photoelectrochemical analyte sensing, including biosensing. The photoelectrodes modified with hybrid organic/inorganic materials can provide increased light absorption and charge separation, binding sites for attaching biorecognition probes, and built-in film-forming properties for well-adhered and uniform photoactive frameworks on the collector electrodes.

An inorganic structure body has a free-standing structure including a fibrous member and/or a shell. The fibrous member and/or the shell include a metal and/or an inorganic material and have a three-dimensionally continuous configuration. The free-standing structure may have a structure that is based on a nonwoven fabric or a porous membrane used as a substrate.

An inorganic structure body has a free-standing structure including a fibrous member and/or a shell. The fibrous member and/or the shell include a metal and/or an inorganic material and have a three-dimensionally continuous configuration. The free-standing structure may have a structure that is based on a nonwoven fabric or a porous membrane used as a substrate.