A catalyst material for abatement of exhaust gas emissions from a lean burn engine is provided, the catalyst material including a metal-exchanged SAPO-34 material, and an oxide layer at least partially covering an outside surface of the SAPO-34 material, wherein the oxide layer is not substantially blocking the pores of the SAPO-34 material.

A mesoporous metal doped cerium oxide catalyst is provided. The catalyst can contain nanotextured cerium oxide (CeO.sub.2) which can be utilized for hydrogen production or reformate gas purification in a water gas shift reaction. The catalyst may be advantageously used to remove CO from a gas containing CO. The catalyst may also be incorporated into a fuel processor.

Provided is a silica titania composite aerogel particle including a base particle in which an element ratio Si/Ti of silicon to titanium is greater than 0 and equal to or lower than 6. A BET specific surface area of the silica titania composite particle is within a range of 200 m.sup.2/g to 1200 m.sup.2/g, and the silica titania composite particle has absorption at wavelengths of 450 nm and 750 nm.

A silica-titania composite aerogel particle includes: a base particle including silicon and titanium whose element ratio Si/Ti is more than 0 and 6 or less; and a surface layer present on the base particle and including a metal compound having a metal atom and a hydrocarbon group. The silica-titania composite aerogel particle has absorption at wavelengths of 450 nm and 750 nm in a visible absorption spectrum, has a BET specific surface area in the range of 200 m.sup.2/g to 1,200 m.sup.2/g, and has a value A in the range of 0.03 to 0.3. The value A is calculated by formula: A=(peak intensity of CO bond+peak intensity of CO bond)/(peak intensity of CC bond+peak intensity of CC bond). The peak intensity is obtained from a C is XPS spectrum.

This application discloses a mesoporous catalyst formed by combining a matrix precursor treated with a polyphosphate, and a metallic oxide treated with a cationic electrolyte. The combined treatment with the polyphosphate and cationic polyelectrolyte yields unexpected improvements in attrition resistance, while maintaining high overall pore volume, even as the ratio of meso pore volume to macro pore volume of the formed FCC catalyst increases.

Provided is a mordenite zeolite which can be produced without using an organic structure-directing agent, and has superior multivalent metal cation exchange capability. The mordenite zeolite according to the present invention containing silicon, a divalent metal M and aluminum in a skeletal structure, wherein the mordenite zeolite has the following atomic ratios in the state of Na-form. The mordenite zeolite preferably has a BET specific surface area of 250 m.sup.2/g or more and 500 m.sup.2/g or less and a micropore volume of 0.07 cc/g or more and 0.25 cc/g or less in the state of Na-form or H-form. Si/(M+Al)=5 or more and 10 or less, M/(M+Al)=0.1 or more and less than 1, and Na/(M+Al)=1 or more and less than 2.

The invention is a naphtha hydrotreating process, using at least three catalysts, comprising: a first step a) in the presence of the first catalyst comprising a support; a second step b) in the presence of the second catalyst comprising a support and an active phase, said active phase containing a Group 9 or 10 metal and a Group 6 metal; a third step c) in the presence of the third catalyst comprising a support and an active phase, said active phase containing a Group 6 metal; the content of Group 6 metal of the third catalyst is less than the content of Group 6 metal of said second catalyst; the ratio of the loaded specific surface area of said first catalyst to that of said second catalyst is greater than or equal to 1.20; the ratio of the loaded specific surface area of said third catalyst to that of said second catalyst is greater than 1.07.

The disclosure relates to olefin oligomerization processes and related zeolites and structure directing agents. The olefin oligomerization processes can exhibit relatively high conversions. The zeolites can exhibit comparatively high stabilities. The zeolites can have relatively high ratios of external surface area to total surface area. An exemplary zeolite is a beta zeolite having a relatively high ratio of external surface area to total surface area. The disclosure also relates to structure directing agents, and methods of using the structure direction agents to prepare the zeolites.

A molecular sieve has a silica/alumina molar ratio of 100-300, and has a mesopore structure. One closed hysteresis loop appears in the range of P/P.sub.0=0.4-0.99 in the low temperature nitrogen gas adsorption-desorption curve, and the starting location of the closed hysteresis loop is in the range of P/P.sub.0=0.4-0.7. The catalyst formed from the molecular sieve as a solid acid not only has a good capacity of isomerization to reduce the freezing point, but also can produce a high yield of the product with a lower pour point. The process for preparing the catalyst involves steps including crystallization, filtration, calcination, and hydrothermal treatment.

A hydrocarbon adsorbent, according to one embodiment of the present invention, comprises a copper-containing ZSM-5 zeolite, wherein a Si/Al molar ratio of the ZSM-5 zeolite may be 11.5 to 40, and the amount of the copper included is 1 wt % to 10 wt %.