A process for producing ethylene oxide by gas-phase oxidation of ethylene, comprising: directing a feed comprising gaseous ethylene and gaseous oxygen through a packing of individual shaped catalyst bodies, under conditions conducive to obtain a reaction mixture containing at least 2.7 vol.-% of ethylene oxide, wherein each shaped catalyst body comprises silver deposited on a refractory support and is characterized by a content of at least 20 wt.-% of silver, relative to the total weight of the shaped catalyst body; a BET surface area in the range of 1.6 to 3.0 m.sup.2/g; a first face side surface, a second face side surface and a circumferential surface with a plurality of passageways extending from the first face side surface to the second face side surface; and a uniform multilobed cross-section; and a longest direct diffusion pathway d, with 2d being in the range of 0.7 to 2.4 mm, wherein the longest diffusion pathway d is defined as the shortest distance from the geometric surface of the shaped catalyst body to a point inside the structure of the shaped catalyst body for which point the shortest distance is the largest among all points. The process allows for increased activity and/or stability of the catalyst while maintaining or increasing selectivity at high productivity.

Disclosed herein is a method of making activated EU-2 zeolite, including: pores having a diameter of 30 to 40 while maintaining the crystal structure of the EU-2 zeolite; and pores having a diameter of 40 to 200 , wherein the volume of the pores having a diameter of 30 to 40 is 0.01 to 0.06 cc/g, and the volume of the pores having a diameter of 40 to 200 is 0.07 to 0.4 cc/g.

Disclosed herein is a method of making activated EU-2 zeolite, including: pores having a diameter of 30 to 40 while maintaining the crystal structure of the EU-2 zeolite; and pores having a diameter of 40 to 200 , wherein the volume of the pores having a diameter of 30 to 40 is 0.01 to 0.06 cc/g, and the volume of the pores having a diameter of 40 to 200 is 0.07 to 0.4 cc/g.

Disclosed herein is an activated EU-2 zeolite, including: pores having a diameter of 30 to 40 while maintaining the crystal structure of the EU-2 zeolite; and pores having a diameter of 40 to 200 , wherein the volume of the pores having a diameter of 30 to 40 is 0.01 to 0.06 cc/g, and the volume of the pores having a diameter of 40 to 200 is 0.07 to 0.4 cc/g.

A process for the hydrocracking of heavy oils and/or oil residues, the process comprising the step of contacting the heavy oils and/or oil residues with a non-metallised carbonaceous additive in the presence of a hydrogen-containing gas at a temperature of from 250 C. to 600 C. wherein the non-metallised carbonaceous additive has an average pore size of at least 2 nm.

The invention relates generally to a sodium faujasite catalyst, and in particular the use of the sodium faujasite catalyst in producing acrylic acid. In particular, the invention relates to the use of the sodium faujasite catalyst in catalytic dehydration of lactic acid and 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) to produce acrylic acid.

The present disclosure relates to a method for preparing a multi-level pore zeolite, including: (A) a step of mixing a silicon precursor, an aluminum precursor, a phosphorus precursor, a structure directing agent and water; a step of (B) adding phenylphosphonic acid, carbon black or a mixture thereof to the mixture prepared in the step (A) and mixing the same; a step of (C) crystallizing the mixture prepared in the step (B) by heat-treating the same; and a step of (D) calcining the crystallization product, and utilization of the prepared multi-level pore zeolite as a catalyst for hydroisomerization of normal paraffins. The catalyst exhibits improved isoparaffin yield when it is used as a catalyst for hydroisomerization of normal paraffins such as diesel or lube base oil by supporting an active metal component because residence time of reactants and products in the zeolite crystals are decreased due to mesopores and the proportion of external acid sites to total acid sites is low. Also, cloud point and pour point are effectively improved and high hydroisomerization reactivity is achieved without product loss.

Disclosed are hierarchically porous carbon materials with a plurality of discreet nanoparticles dispersed on their carbon phase. The materials possess a continuous network of pores that spans the porous material, permitting the flow of fluids into and through the material. The porous materials can be used as heterogeneous catalysts.

A known method for producing porous graphitized carbon material covered with metal nanoparticles involves infiltrating a porous template framework of inorganic material with a carbon precursor. After thermal treatment of the precursor, the template is removed and the particulate porous carbon material is covered with a catalytically active substance. According to the invention, in order to keep the proportion of the noble metal loading at a low level, the thermal treatment of the precursor first involves carbonization, and the material is not graphitized into graphitized, particulate, porous carbon material until the template has been removed. The graphitized carbon material has a hierarchical pore structure with a pore volume of at least 0.5 cm.sup.3/g and at least 75% of the pore volume is apportioned to macropores with, size 100 to 5000 nm. Before covering with catalytically active substance, the carbon material is subjected to an activation treatment in an oxidizing atmosphere.

According to one or more embodiments, a zeolite beta material may be made by a method that may include adding a parent zeolite beta in a basic solution to form a basic zeolite beta suspension, adding water to the basic zeolite beta suspension to form a dilute basic zeolite beta suspension, hydrothermally treating the dilute basic zeolite beta suspension to form a hydrothermally treated mixture, and separating from the hydrothermally treated mixture a solid zeolite beta material consisting essentially of polymorph-A and polymorph-B. The molar ratio of polymorph-A to polymorph-B of the solid zeolite beta material may be greater than molar ratio of polymorph-A to polymorph-B of the parent zeolite beta.