A catalysed filter for a positive ignition internal combustion engine comprises a porous filtering substrate having a total substrate length coated with a three-way catalyst washcoat composition comprising at least one precious metal selected from the group consisting of rhodium and one or both of platinum and palladium supported on a high surface area oxide, and an oxygen storage component, which composition being axially shared by a first zone comprising inlet surfaces of a first substrate length<total substrate length and a second zone comprising outlet surfaces of a second substrate length<total substrate length, wherein a sum of the substrate length in the first zone and the substrate length in the second zone≧100% and wherein one or both of the following applies: a washcoat loading in the first zone>second zone; and a total precious metal loading in the first zone>second zone.

A method for preparing an iron-based catalyst, the method including preparing iron ore particles by grinding iron ore; and impregnating the iron ore particles with a first metal and second metal, wherein the first metal is selected from copper, cobalt, or manganese, or a combination thereof, and the second metal is selected from an alkali metal or alkali earth metal, or a combination thereof.

Provided is a powder inorganic oxide containing Al, Ce and Zr as constituent elements, that affords a molded product with a density of 1.0 to 1.3 g/ml by placing 4.0 g of the inorganic oxide in a cylindrical container having diameter 20 mm and performing uniaxial molding under conditions of room temperature and pressure of 29.4 MPa for 30 sec., and achieves an average shrinkage percentage of not more than 14.0% as calculated by the following formula: average shrinkage percentage (%)=100×{(1−(c)/(a))+(1−(d)/(b))}/2 wherein each symbol is as defined in the DESCRIPTION.

When sizes of particles supporting a catalyst metal remain relatively large but sizes of particles not supporting a catalyst metal are minimized among metal oxide particles included in a catalyst coating layer, it is possible to decrease a thickness of the catalyst coating layer while maintaining durability and improve gas diffusibility of the coating layer. Therefore, a thickness of the catalyst coating is decreased without decreasing durability and a catalyst can exhibit high exhaust gas purification performance even under high load conditions.

A core-shell oxide material comprises: a core which comprises a ceria-zirconia based solid solution powder having at least one ordered phase of a pyrochlore phase and a κ phase; and a shell which comprises an alumina based oxide disposed on at least a portion of a surface of the core.

A method for producing a fatty acid ester through desulfurization of sulfur from a fatty acid ester using a catalyst, wherein the catalyst carries a catalyst metal on a support, (a) the catalyst contains as the catalyst metal one or more elements selected from the elements of group 9, group 10 and group 11 of the periodic table, (b) the total pore volume of the catalyst is 0.05 mL/g or more, and (c) the volume of pores with a pore size of 0.1 μm or more and 500 μm or less is 50% or more of the total pore volume of the catalyst. A desulfurization method using the desulfurization and a method for producing an alcohol through hydrogenation of the fatty acid ester obtained through the desulfurization are also provided.

In this fuel cell electrode catalyst layer, a catalyst is supported on a carrier comprising inorganic oxide particles. The fuel cell electrode catalyst layer is provided with a porous structure. When a mercury penetration method is used to measure the pore size distribution of the porous structure, a peak is observed in the range spanning from 0.005 μm to 0.1 μm inclusive, and a peak is also observed in the range spanning from over 0.1 μm to not more than 1 μm. When P1 represents the peak intensity in the range spanning from 0.005 μm to 0.1 μm inclusive, and P2 represents the peak intensity in the range spanning from over 0.1 μm to not more than 1 μm, the value of P2/P1 is 0.2-10 inclusive. It is preferable that the inorganic oxide be tin oxide.

A method is disclosed for the preparation of a metal exchanged microporous materials, e.g. metal exchanged silicoaluminophosphates or metal exchanged zeolites, or mixtures of metal exchanged microporous materials, comprising the steps of providing a dry mixture of a) one or more microporous materials that exhibit ion exchange capacity and b) one or more metal compounds; heating the mixture in a gaseous atmosphere containing ammonia and one or more oxides of nitrogen to a temperature and for a time sufficient to initiate and perform a solid state ion exchange of ions of the metal compound and ions of the microporous material; and obtaining the metal-exchanged microporous material.

Catalyst systems and methods for making and using the same. A method for making a catalyst support includes forming a mixture of a support material and a fluoride donor. The mixture is added to a fluidized bed reactor. The mixture is fluidized to form a fluidized bed while maintaining a ratio of a pressure drop across a distributor plate to a pressure drop across the fluidized bed of greater than about 7%. The mixture is calcined to decompose the fluoride donor, forming a fluorinated support.

Synthesize a nickel oxide-based oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst via a solvent-free process that comprises sequential steps a. mixing without added solvent a combination of a solid nickel precursor, a solid oxalate or oxalic acid and, optionally, a doping amount of a metal precursor for a period of time sufficient to convert the combination to a visually homogenous mixture; and b. calcining the visually homogeneous mixture at a temperature within a range of from greater than 250° C. to less than 800° C. for a time within a range of from 30 minutes to 360 minutes in an oxygen-containing atmosphere, preferably air, to form a calcined oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst. As a modification of the process, add an intermediate step between steps a. and b. to dry the homo geneous mixture at a temperature within a range of from 50° C. to 90° C. for a period of time within a range of from 10 minutes to 600 minutes to form a dried mixture. The resulting catalyst may be used in oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane.