A process for converting crude oil may comprise contacting a crude oil with one or more hydroprocessing catalysts to produce a hydroprocessed effluent and contacting the hydroprocessed effluent with a fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst composition in an FCC system to produce cracked effluent comprising at least olefins. The crude oil may have an API gravity from 25 to 29. The FCC system may operate at a temperature of greater than or equal to 580 C., a weight ratio of the FCC catalyst composition to the crude oil of from 2:1 to 10:1, and a residence time of from 0.1 seconds to 60 seconds. The FCC catalyst composition may comprise ultrastable Y-type zeolite (USY zeolite) impregnated with lanthanum; ZSM-5 zeolite impregnated with phosphorous; an alumina binder; colloidal silica; and a matrix material comprising Kaolin clay.

Disclosed are catalysts comprised of platinum and gold. The catalysts are generally useful for the selective oxidation of compositions comprised of a primary alcohol group and at least one secondary alcohol group wherein at least the primary alcohol group is converted to a carboxyl group. More particularly, the catalysts are supported catalysts including particles comprising gold and particles comprising platinum, wherein the molar ratio of platinum to gold is in the range of about 100:1 to about 1:4, the platinum is essentially present as Pt(0) and the platinum-containing particles are of a size in the range of about 2 to about 50 nm. Also disclosed are methods for the oxidative chemocatalytic conversion of carbohydrates to carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof. Additionally, methods are disclosed for the selective oxidation of glucose to glucaric acid or derivatives thereof using catalysts comprising platinum and gold. Further, methods are disclosed for the production of such catalysts.

The invention relates to a reforming catalyst. The reforming catalyst comprises a reforming metal, such as Pt, a support, such as an alumina support, and a USY zeolite, which has had part of its aluminum framework substituted with Zr and Ti. The amount of USY zeolite does not exceed 5 wt %, and most preferably, contains 2-3 wt % USY zeolite.

A process for the preparation of a catalyst comprising palladium, a porous support with a specific surface area in the range 140 to 250 m.sup.2/g, said catalyst being prepared by a process comprising the following steps: a) preparing a colloidal solution of palladium oxide or palladium hydroxide in an aqueous phase; b) adding said solution obtained from step a) to said porous support at a flow rate in the range 1 to 20 litre(s)/hour; said porous support being contained in a rotary impregnation device functioning at a rotational speed in the range 10 to 20 rpm; c) optionally, submitting the impregnated porous support obtained from step b) to a maturation; d) drying the catalyst precursor obtained from step b) or c); e) calcining the catalyst precursor obtained from step d).

A catalyst comprising palladium, a porous support comprising at least one refractory oxide selected from the group constituted by silica, alumina and silica-alumina, the palladium content in the catalyst being in the range 0.01% to 2% by weight with respect to the total catalyst weight, at least 80% by weight of the palladium being distributed in a crust at the periphery of said support, the thickness of said crust being in the range 20 to 100 m, characterized in that said support is in the form of an extrudate and in that said support comprises a specific surface area in the range 165 to 250 m.sup.2/g.

In a method for producing an aliphatic carboxylic acid ester by reacting an aliphatic carboxylic acid having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms and an olefin having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms in a gas phase by use of a solid acid catalyst, a solid acid catalyst in which a heteropolyacid or a salt thereof is supported on a silica carrier obtainable by kneading fumed silica obtained by a combustion method, silica gel obtained by a gel method, and colloidal silica obtained by a sol-gel method or a water glass method, molding the resulting kneaded product, and calcining the resulting molded body, is used.

A multi-catalytic material that includes a polyelectrolyte membrane and methods of preparing the same are provided herein.

Presented is a selective hydrogenation catalyst and a method of making the catalyst. The catalyst comprises a carrier containing bi-metallic nanoparticles. The nanoparticles comprise a silver component and a palladium component. The catalyst is made by incorporating an aqueous dispersion of the bi-metallic nanoparticles onto a catalyst carrier followed by drying and calcining the carrier having incorporated therein the dispersion. The catalyst is used in the selective hydrogenation of highly unsaturated hydrocarbons contained olefin product streams.

A catalyst comprises an active phase constituted by palladium, and a porous support comprising at least one refractory oxide selected from the group constituted by silica, alumina and silica-alumina, in which: the palladium content in the catalyst is in the range 0.0025% to 1% by weight with respect to the total weight of catalyst; at least 80% by weight of the palladium is distributed in a crust at the periphery of the porous support, the thickness of said crust being in the range 25 to 450 m; the specific surface area of the porous support is in the range 70 to 160 m.sup.2/g; the metallic dispersion D of the palladium is less than 20%.

Catalyst systems and methods for making and using the same are provided. The catalyst system can include a catalyst support, wherein the catalyst support has an average particle size of about 2 microns to about 200 microns. Nanoparticles are adhered to the catalyst support, wherein the nanoparticles have an average particle size of about 2 to about 200 nanometers. A catalyst is supported on the catalyst support.