A method for producing a cluster-supporting catalyst, the cluster-supporting catalyst including porous carrier particles that has acid sites, and catalyst metal clusters supported within the pores of the porous carrier particles, includes the following steps: providing a dispersion liquid containing a dispersion medium and the porous carrier particles dispersed in the dispersion medium; and in the dispersion liquid, forming catalyst metal clusters having a positive charge, and supporting the catalyst metal clusters on the acid sites within the pores of the porous carrier particles through an electrostatic interaction.

The invention relates to a catalyst which comprises: a) a mixed metal oxide of molybdenum, vanadium, niobium and in optionally tellurium; and b) ceria particles having a crystallite size greater than 15 nanometers (nm); wherein the amount of the ceria particles, based on the total amount of the catalyst, is of from 1 to 60 wt. %. Further, the invention relates to a process for preparing a catalyst, which comprises mixing a mixed metal oxide of molybdenum, vanadium, niobium and optionally tellurium with ceria particles having a crystallite size greater than 15 nanometers (nm), wherein the amount of the ceria particles, based on the total amount of the catalyst, is of from 1 to 60 wt. %. Still further, the invention relates to an alkane oxidative dehydrogenation and/or alkene oxidation process wherein such catalyst is used.

The manufacturing method provided by the present invention provides a powder material substantially comprising Ag—Pd core-shell particles consisting of Ag core particles containing silver as a principal constituent element and a Pd shell containing palladium as a principal constituent element covering at least part of the surface of the Ag core particles, wherein hydroquinone and/or a quinone is attached to the surface of the Ag—Pd core-shell particles. Typically, when the powder material is in a dispersed state in a specific medium, a Z average particle diameter (D.sub.DLS) based on the dynamic light scattering (DLS) method is 0.1 μm to 2 μm, and the polydispersity index (PDI) based on the dynamic light scattering method is 0.4 or lower.

The invention relates to a method of preparing titanium dioxide-coated nanostars. Titanium precursors are hydrolyzed into crystalline TiO.sub.2 polymorphs at low temperatures, allowing the delicate morphology of the nanostars to be preserved while maintaining their desirable photocatalytic properties.

A photocatalyst laminate which is composed of an undercoat layer provided on a substrate and a photocatalyst layer laminated on the surface of the undercoat layer. The undercoat layer contains (A) 100 parts by mass of a resin component and (B) 0.1-50 parts by mass of fine core-shell particles, each of which has a core that is formed of a fine tetragonal titanium oxide solid solution particle wherein tin and manganese are solid-solved and a shell that is formed from silicon oxide on the outside of the core. This photocatalyst laminate is not susceptible to decrease in the photocatalyst function even under outdoor exposure for a long period of time, and is thus capable of providing a coated article that exhibits excellent weather resistance.

Disclosed herein is a method comprising disposing a first particle in a reactor; the first particle being a magnetic particle or a particle that can be influenced by a magnetic field, an electric field or a combination of an electrical field and a magnetic field; fluidizing the first particle in the reactor; applying a uniform magnetic field, a uniform electrical field or a combination of a uniform magnetic field and a uniform electrical field to the reactor; elevating the temperature of the reactor; and fusing the first particles to form a monolithic solid.

Structures, catalysts, and reactors suitable for use for a variety of applications, including gas-to-liquid and coal-to-liquid processes and methods of forming the structures, catalysts, and reactors are disclosed. The catalyst material can be deposited onto an inner wall of a microtubular reactor and/or onto porous support structures using atomic layer deposition techniques.

A composition, method, and article of manufacture are disclosed. The composition includes a silica particle with light upconversion molecules bound to its surface. The method includes obtaining silica particles and light upconversion molecules having sidechains with reactive functional groups. The method further includes binding the light upconversion molecules to surfaces of the silica particles. The article of manufacture includes the composition.

Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to methods of producing a hydrogen-selective oxygen carrier material comprising combining one or more core material precursors and one or more shell material precursors to from a precursor mixture and heat-treating the precursor mixture at a treatment temperature to form the hydrogen-selective oxygen carrier material. The treatment temperature is greater than or equal to 100° C. less than the melting point of a shell material, and the hydrogen-selective oxygen carrier material comprises a core comprising a core material and a shell comprising the shell material. The shell material may be in direct contact with at least a majority of an outer surface of the core material.

The present disclosure is related to a method for preparing a gaseous- or liquid-nitridation treated core-shell catalyst and, more specifically, to a method for preparing a gaseous- or liquid-nitridation treated core-shell catalyst comprising steps of: nitridation-treating a transition metal precursor core and noble metal precursor shell particles in the presence of a gaseous nitrogen source; or forming a transition metal precursor core and noble metal precursor shell particles, by means of a liquid nitrogen source, and at the same time allowing the nitrogen source to bond with the transition metal precursor and thus allowing nitridation treatment. Therefore, the present disclosure allows a high nitrogen content in the core and thus enables a prepared catalyst to have excellent durability, a small average particle size and high degree of dispersion and uniformity, and thus to be suitable for the fuel cell field.