This invention relates to the synthesis of new catalysts based on earth crust abundant mixed oxides that can produce cleavage of fatty acids (FA), FA methyl esters, or even lipids in a single step using oxygen as oxidant in solventless conditions.

The present invention relates to heterogeneous catalysts and methods of making and using the same. In various embodiments, the present invention provides a method of making a hydrogenation catalyst including particulate nickel metal (Ni(0)). The method includes calcining first nickel(II)-containing particles in an atmosphere including oxidizing constituents to generate second nickel(II)-containing particles. The method also includes reducing the second nickel(II)-containing particles in a reducing atmosphere while rotating or turning the second nickel(II)-containing particles at about 275° C. to about 360° C. for a time sufficient to generate the particulate nickel metal (Ni(0)), wherein the particulate nickel metal (Ni(0)) is free flowing.

Disclosed are heterostructured silica catalysts (modified Haider heterostructured silica) and methods of their use and preparation. The heterostructured silica catalysts include a transition metal, an alkaline earth metal oxide, and silica, wherein the transition metal, the alkaline earth metal from the metal oxide thereof, and silicon (Si) from silica are each present in the crystal lattice structure of the catalyst. The catalyst can have application in, e.g., the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide.

A catalyst for catalytic oxidation of furfural to prepare maleic acid is composed of a carbon nitride doped with a potassium salt. A method for preparing the catalyst includes mixing the potassium salt, a precursor of the carbon nitride and a solvent to obtain a mixture, and drying and calcining the mixture to obtain the catalyst. A use of the catalyst in catalytic oxidation of furfural to prepare maleic acid, wherein the maleic acid is prepared by the step of oxidizing furfural in a solvent in the presence of the catalyst. The invention has the advantages that by using the method provided by the invention to prepare maleic acid, the conversion rate of furfural can be 99% or more and the yield of maleic acid can be up to 70.40%.

A method of preparing a catalyst comprising a) contacting a non-aqueous solvent, a carboxylic acid, and a chromium-containing compound to form an acidic mixture; b) contacting a titanium-containing compound with the acidic mixture to form a titanium treatment solution; c) contacting a pre-formed silica-support comprising from about 0.1 wt. % to about 20 wt. % water with the titanium treatment solution to form a pre-catalyst; and d) thermally treating the pre-catalyst to form the catalyst. A method of preparing a catalyst comprising a) contacting a non-aqueous solvent and a carboxylic acid to form an acidic mixture; b) contacting a titanium-containing compound with the acidic mixture to form a titanium treatment solution; c) contacting a pre-formed chrominated silica-support comprising from about 0.1 wt. % to about 20 wt. % water with the titanium treatment solution to form a pre-catalyst; and d) thermally treating the pre-catalyst to form the catalyst.

Carbon nanofiber doped alumina (Al-CNF) supported MoCo catalysts in hydrodesulfurization (HDS), and/or boron doping, e.g., up to 5 wt % of total catalyst weight, can improve catalytic efficiency. Al-CNF-supported MoCo catalysts, (Al-CNF-MoCo), can reduce the sulfur concentration in fuel, esp. liquid fuel, to below the required limit in a 6 h reaction time. Thus, Al-CNF-MoCo has a higher catalytic activity than Al—MoCo, which may be explained by higher mesoporous surface area and better dispersion of MoCo metals on the AlCNF support relative to alumina support. The BET surface area of Al—MoCo may be 75% less than Al-CNF-MoCo, e.g., 166 vs. 200 m.sup.2/g. SEM images indicate that the catalyst nanoparticles can be evenly distributed on the surface of the CNF. The surface area of the AlMoCoB5% may be 206 m.sup.2/g, which is higher than AlMoCoB0% and AlMoCoB2%, and AlMoCoB5% has the highest HDS activity, removing more than 98% sulfur and below allowed levels.

A method for making a supported tantalum oxide catalyst precursor or catalyst with controlled Ta distribution and the resulting supported Ta catalyst. In an embodiment, the method comprises selecting a Ta-precursor with appropriate reactivity with the surface hydroxyls of the solid oxide support material to give a desired Ta distribution in the catalyst precursor or catalyst. In an embodiment the method comprises controlling the number of surface hydroxyls available on the support material to react with the Ta-precursor by thermal methods, such as calcination, to achieve the desired Ta distribution.

A nitrogen-doped catalyst for oxidative coupling of methane, which is a catalyst for obtaining a C2 hydrocarbon product with high yield, and a method for manufacturing the catalyst are provided. An embodiment of the present inventive concept relates to a nitrogen-doped catalyst for oxidative coupling of methane having a silica support; and sodium tungstate and manganese supported on the support.

A method for synthesizing and application embedded alkaline earth metal oxide solid alkali includes: firstly, synthesizing an alkaline earth metal organic skeleton with single or multiple alkaline earth metals (Mg, Ca and Sr) as central metal elements; and then controlling the heating process to carry out high-temperature pyrolysis in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, so that the alkaline earth metal oxide are embedded in the nano carbon sheet to obtain a solid alkali catalyst. Finally, the catalyst is used to catalyze the transesterification of palm oil and methanol to produce biodiesel. The active site of the solid alkali obtained by the method is anchored on the nano-like carbon sheet, so that the active site is directly exposed on the surface of the catalyst, the catalytic activity is improved, the loss of the active site is inhibited, and the stability of the solid alkali catalyst is enhanced.

A method of manufacturing a catalyst article, the method comprising: providing a complex of a polyamine and a PGM; providing a support material; applying the complex to the support material to form a loaded support material; disposing the loaded support material on a substrate; and heating the loaded support material to form nanoparticles of the PGM on the support material.