Supported chromium catalysts with an average valence less than +6 and having a hydrocarbon-containing or halogenated hydrocarbon-containing ligand attached to at least one bonding site on the chromium are disclosed, as well as ethylene-based polymers with terminal alkane, aromatic, or halogenated hydrocarbon chain ends. Another ethylene polymer characterized by at least 2 wt. % of the polymer having a molecular weight greater than 1,000,000 g/mol and at least 1.5 wt. % of the polymer having a molecular weight less than 1000 g/mol is provided, as well as an ethylene homopolymer with at least 3.5 methyl short chain branches and less than 0.6 butyl short chain branches per 1000 total carbon atoms.

The present invention refers to lightweight and settable photocatalytic compositions and solid composites; methods of preparing the compositions and solid composites; and their use in water purification. The compositions are comprised of photocatalysts such as titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2) and zinc oxide (ZnO), lightweight glass bubbles, and a hydraulic cementing binder. The lightweight and settable photocatalytic compositions can be formed into lightweight photocatalytic solid composites and/or structures by mixing with water and moist curing. This invention also describes relatively simple, fast, and cost effective methodologies to photodope the TiO.sub.2ZnO compositions and composites with silver (Ag), to enhance and extend the photocatalytic activity from the ultraviolet into the visible light spectrum. The lightweight and settable TiO.sub.2ZnO and AgTiO.sub.2ZnO compositions are used in making solids, structures, coatings, and continuous or semi-continuous water purification panels for purifying contaminated water.

The present invention relates to a catalyst for aromatization of alkanes having 4 to 7 carbon atoms, especially alkanes having carbon atoms. Said catalyst has the efficacy in the aromatics production with high conversion and high selectivity of aromatics or high yield of aromatics, wherein said catalyst comprises zeolite, at least 1 transition metal from group VIII transition metal in a range of 0.1 to 2% by weight based on the total weight of the catalyst, and at least 1 metal from group IIIA metal in a range of 0.1 to 5% by weight based on the total weight of the catalyst. Said catalyst is treated and dried with a microwave at a power in a range from 400 to 1,000 watts after step of contacting with a solution comprising at least 1 transition metal salt from group VIII transition metal and after step of contacting with a solution comprising at least 1 group IIIA metal salt. Moreover, this invention also relates to a process for preparing said catalyst and a process of aromatics preparation using said catalyst.

Embodiments relate to methods for enhancing chemical conversions. One or more embodiments relate to a method for enhancing a multi-step chemical conversion reaction. The method includes providing a reactant mixture having one or more reacting specie(s); and providing a catalyst or sorbent having one or more support materials and one or more deposited catalytically active materials. The method further includes applying an electromagnetic field with a prescribed power, frequency, and pulsing strategy specific to interactions of reactant species and an electromagnetic field with at least one of the support materials, sorbent, and catalytically active materials in a particular chemical reaction.

Disclosed is a heterogeneous catalyst for producing acetic acid by carbonylation of methanol. In the heterogeneous catalyst, a rhodium complex ion is ionically bonded to an insoluble catalyst support, and the insoluble catalyst support includes a fluoropolymer having a quaternary pyridine radical alone or in combination with an acetate radical grafted on the surface thereof. According to the disclosure, a fixed-bed bubble column reactor can be easily designed. In addition, a special device for catalyst separation is not required, and thus the device manufacturing cost can be saved, the operating cost can be reduced due to process simplification, and productivity can be greatly increased.

Disclosed herein are lightweight and settable photocatalytic compositions and solid composites; methods of preparing the compositions and solid composites; and their use in water purification. The compositions are comprised of photocatalysts such as titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2) and zinc oxide (ZnO), lightweight glass bubbles, and a hydraulic cementing binder. The lightweight and settable photocatalytic compositions can be formed into lightweight photocatalytic solid composites and/or structures by mixing with water and moist curing. Disclosed herein are relatively simple, fast, and cost effective methodologies to photodope the TiO.sub.2ZnO compositions and composites with silver (Ag), to enhance and extend the photocatalytic activity from the ultraviolet into the visible light spectrum. The lightweight and settable TiO.sub.2ZnO and AgTiO.sub.2ZnO compositions are used in making solids, structures, coatings, and continuous or semi-continuous water purification panels for purifying contaminated water.

Provided herein are compositions and methods for use of an organosilica material comprising a copolymer of at least one monomer of Formula [R.sup.1R.sup.2SiCH.sub.2].sub.3 (I), wherein, R.sup.1 represents a C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkoxy group; and R.sup.2 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkoxy group or a C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl group; and at least one other monomer of Formula [(Z.sup.1O).sub.xZ.sup.2.sub.3-xSiZ.sup.3SZ.sup.4] (II), wherein, Z.sup.1 represents a hydrolysable functional group; Z.sup.2 represents a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl or aryl group; Z.sup.3 represents a C.sub.2-C.sub.11 cyclic or linear hydrocarbon; Z.sup.4 is either H or O.sub.3H; and x represents any one of integers 1, 2, and 3. The composition may be used as a support material to covalently attach transition metal cations, as a sorbent for olefin/paraffin separations, as a catalyst support for hydrogenation reactions, as a precursor for highly dispersed metal nanoparticles, or as a polar sorbent for crude feeds.

Provided is a novel composite of an iron compound and a graphene oxide which is extremely useful as a photocatalyst or an active ingredient of an electrode. In this composite of an iron compound and graphene oxide, iron compound particles are supported on the graphene oxide.

Supported chromium catalysts with an average valence less than +6 and having a hydrocarbon-containing or halogenated hydrocarbon-containing ligand attached to at least one bonding site on the chromium are disclosed, as well as ethylene-based polymers with terminal alkane, aromatic, or halogenated hydrocarbon chain ends. Another ethylene polymer characterized by at least 2 wt. % of the polymer having a molecular weight greater than 1,000,000 g/mol and at least 1.5 wt. % of the polymer having a molecular weight less than 1000 g/mol is provided, as well as an ethylene homopolymer with at least 3.5 methyl short chain branches and less than 0.6 butyl short chain branches per 1000 total carbon atoms.

Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to catalyst compositions including metal chalcogenides, processes for producing such catalyst compositions, processes for enhancing catalytic active sites in such catalyst compositions, and uses of such catalyst compositions in, e.g., processes for producing conversion products. In an aspect, a process for forming a catalyst composition is provided. The process includes introducing an electrolyte material and an amphiphile material to a metal chalcogenide to form the catalyst composition. In another aspect, a catalyst composition is provided. The catalyst composition includes a metal chalcogenide, an electrolyte material, and an amphiphile material. Devices for hydrogen evolution reaction are also provided.