An electrode assembly including a first electrode and a dielectric layer on the first electrode. The dielectric layer comprises a lead-containing compound of the formula PbMgV.sub.2O.sub.7, Pb.sub.2Te.sub.3O.sub.8, PbZnV.sub.2O.sub.7, Na.sub.2PbO.sub.2, PbP.sub.2O.sub.6, PbZnSiO.sub.4, Pb.sub.2In.sub.2Si.sub.2O.sub.9, Pb.sub.6(AsO.sub.4)[B(AsO.sub.4).sub.4], PbAl.sub.2Si.sub.2O.sub.8, K.sub.4PbO.sub.3, Pb.sub.2TiAs.sub.2O.sub.9, Pb.sub.4O(VO.sub.4).sub.2, Rb.sub.4PbO.sub.3, Pb.sub.2V.sub.2O.sub.7, Pb.sub.9Al.sub.8O.sub.21, Nd(Al.sub.3O.sub.6)(Pb.sub.2O.sub.2), Pb.sub.6Co.sub.9(TeO.sub.6).sub.5, Pb.sub.3(B.sub.3O.sub.7)NO.sub.3, a lead-containing oxyhalide of the formula Pb.sub.13(Cl.sub.3O.sub.5).sub.2, Pb.sub.13(Br.sub.3O.sub.5).sub.2, Pb.sub.2OF.sub.2, Pb.sub.2CO.sub.3F.sub.2, Pb(AsO.sub.2).sub.3Cl, Pb.sub.3O.sub.2(OH)Cl, Pb.sub.6(BO.sub.3).sub.3OCl, Pb.sub.2B.sub.5O.sub.9I, Pb.sub.2B.sub.5O.sub.9Br, Pb.sub.2B.sub.5O.sub.9Cl, Pb.sub.5(AsO.sub.3).sub.3Cl, Pb.sub.8Y.sub.6F.sub.32O, Pb(O.sub.2Pb.sub.3).sub.2(BO.sub.3)Br.sub.3, Pb.sub.6LaO.sub.7Cl, a lead-containing phosphate of the formula Pb.sub.2PO.sub.4I, Pb.sub.2InP.sub.3O.sub.11, Pb.sub.2MoP.sub.3O.sub.11, Pb.sub.2Ni(PO.sub.4).sub.2, Pb.sub.2VO(PO.sub.4), K.sub.2Pb(PO.sub.3).sub.4, Pb.sub.3(MoO).sub.3(PO.sub.4).sub.5, Pb.sub.4O(PO.sub.4).sub.2, RbPb(PO.sub.3).sub.3, PbVO.sub.2PO.sub.4, Pb.sub.5(PO.sub.4).sub.3F, Pb.sub.5(PO.sub.4).sub.3Cl, Pb.sub.5(PO.sub.4).sub.3I, PbP.sub.2O.sub.6, or a combination thereof. The electrode assembly can be particularly useful in various electronic devices.

A method of reducing a gaseous carbon oxide includes reacting a carbon oxide with a gaseous reducing agent in the presence of an intermetallic or carbide catalyst. The reaction proceeds under conditions adapted to produce solid carbon of various allotropes and morphologies, the selective formation of which can be controlled by means of controlling reaction gas composition and reaction conditions including temperature and pressure. A method for utilizing an intermetallic or carbide catalyst in a reactor includes placing the catalyst in a suitable reactor and flowing reaction gases comprising a carbon oxide with at least one gaseous reducing agent through the reactor where, in the presence of the catalyst, at least a portion of the carbon in the carbon oxide is converted to solid carbon and a tail gas mixture containing water vapor.

A method of forming a self-cleaning film system includes depositing a perfluorocarbon siloxane polymer onto a substrate to form a first layer. The method includes removing a plurality of portions of the first layer to define a plurality of cavities in the first layer and form a plurality of projections that protrude from the substrate. The method includes depositing a photocatalytic material onto the plurality of projections and into the plurality of cavities to form a second layer comprising: a bonded portion disposed in the plurality of cavities and in contact with the substrate, and a non-bonded portion disposed on the plurality of projections and spaced apart from the substrate. The method also includes, after depositing the photocatalytic material, removing the non-bonded portion to thereby form the self-cleaning film system.

This invention relates to a method for preparing a bimetallic titania-based catalyst for use in hydrodesulfurization reactions.

Provided is a method for manufacturing a single-atom catalyst supported on a carbon support, including treating a mixture of a precursor of a carbon support and a precursor of a hetero element other than carbon through a dry vapor phase process, thereby supporting, on a carbon support, a single-atom catalyst containing a hetero element other than carbon.

A method for preparing catalyst particles includes providing a catalyst starting material and an ion beam and implanting the catalyst starting material with an ion beam dose comprised between 4.5×10.sup.18 ions/g and 2×10.sup.19 ions/g comprising monocharged or monocharged and multicharged ions with an energy of the monocharged ions in the ion beam from at least 10 keV to at most 100 keV, thereby obtaining a catalyst. Such catalyst particles are useful in NOx, CO, and/or HC emission reduction devices, fuel cells, or as a catalyst in chemical reactions.

The disclosure relates to a method for making a photocatalytic structure, the method comprising: providing a carbon nanotube structure comprising a plurality of carbon nanotubes intersected with each other; a plurality of openings being defined by the plurality of carbon nanotubes; forming a photocatalytic active layer on the surface of the carbon nanotube structure; applying a metal layer pre-form on the surface of the photocatalytic active layer; and annealing the metal layer pre-form.

A method for producing plasmonic nanomaterials that are catalytically or photocatalytically active by fabricating plasmonic nanostructures on substrates using electrodeposition into a nano-template structure and forming a plurality of nanorods in an array, wherein the nanorods are made from materials chosen from the group consisting of materials that are plasmonic and/or catalytic, and materials that are catalytically activated by depositing pure elemental metals, alloys, or alternating layers of different metals or alloys, and producing catalytic plasmonic nanomaterials. Catalytic plasmonic nanomaterials made from the above method. An optical reactor device that utilizes catalytic nanomaterials for photocatalytic synthesis of methanol or ammonia. A method of photocatalytic synthesis of methanol and ammonia by using catalytic plasmonic nanomaterial to convert CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 to methanol and N.sub.2 and H.sub.2 to ammonia using optical power. A hybrid plasma-plasmonic reactor for the utilization of CO.sub.2 and CH.sub.4 to produce methanol, ethylene, and acetic acid.

A catalyst for oxidative dehydrogenation of alkanes includes a substrate including an oxide; at least one promoter including a transition metal or a main group element of the periodic table; and an oxidation-active transition metal. The catalyst is multimetallic.

The disclosure relates to a photocatalytic structure. The photocatalytic structure includes a carbon nanotube structure, a photocatalytic active layer coated on the carbon nanotube structure, and a metal layer including a plurality of nanoparticles located on the surface of the photocatalytic active layer. The carbon nanotube structure comprises a plurality of intersected carbon nanotubes and defines a plurality of openings, and the photocatalytic active layer is coated on the surface of the plurality of carbon nanotubes. The metal layer includes a plurality of nanoparticles located on the surface of the photocatalytic active layer.