The invention is concerned with the oligomerization of supercritical ethene. An essential aspect of the invention is that of mixing ethene with an inert medium and setting the conditions in the reaction such that both ethene and inert medium are supercritical. This is because the solubility for ethene in the inert medium is greater in the supercritical state, such that more ethene is dissolved in the supercritical inert medium than in a liquid solvent. The process regime in the supercritical state therefore enables the use of a much higher proportion of ethene in a homogeneous mixture of ethene and inert medium than is possible on the basis of the thermodynamic solubility restriction in a purely liquid hydrocarbon stream. In this way, the space-time yield is distinctly enhanced. Since a greater amount of ethene can be passed into the reactor, it is possible as a result to better exploit the apparatus volume compared to a liquid phase process. The inert medium used may, for example, be isobutane.

A liquid-solid axial moving bed reaction and regeneration apparatus and a solid acid alkylation process by using the liquid-solid axial moving bed reaction and regeneration apparatus. the liquid-solid axial moving bed reaction and regeneration apparatus comprise:

An axial moving bed reactor (1), a spent catalyst receiver (5), a catalyst regenerator (4) and a regenerated catalyst receiver (6) that are successively connected, wherein, a catalyst outlet of the regenerated catalyst receiver (6) is communicated with a catalyst inlet of the axial moving bed reactor (1);

Wherein, the axial moving bed reactor (1) is provided with at least two catalyst beds (3) arranged up and down, the axial moving bed reactor (1) is provided with a feed inlet (2) above each catalyst bed (3);

A catalyst delivery pipe (16) is arranged between two adjacent catalyst beds (3) so that the catalyst can move from top to bottom in the axial moving bed reactor (1);

A separation component (10) is provided between two adjacent catalyst beds (3), the inside space of the separation component (10) is communicated with the catalyst delivery pipe (16), the separation component (10) is for separating the stream after the reaction in the upstream catalyst bed from the catalyst, the catalyst obtained by the separation with the separation component (10) moves down through the catalyst delivery pipe (16).

A liquid-solid axial moving bed reaction and regeneration apparatus and a solid acid alkylation process by using the liquid-solid axial moving bed reaction and regeneration apparatus. the liquid-solid axial moving bed reaction and regeneration apparatus comprise:

An axial moving bed reactor (1), a spent catalyst receiver (5), a catalyst regenerator (4) and a regenerated catalyst receiver (6) that are successively connected, wherein, a catalyst outlet of the regenerated catalyst receiver (6) is communicated with a catalyst inlet of the axial moving bed reactor (1);

Wherein, the axial moving bed reactor (1) is provided with at least two catalyst beds (3) arranged up and down, the axial moving bed reactor (1) is provided with a feed inlet (2) above each catalyst bed (3);

A catalyst delivery pipe (16) is arranged between two adjacent catalyst beds (3) so that the catalyst can move from top to bottom in the axial moving bed reactor (1);

A separation component (10) is provided between two adjacent catalyst beds (3), the inside space of the separation component (10) is communicated with the catalyst delivery pipe (16), the separation component (10) is for separating the stream after the reaction in the upstream catalyst bed from the catalyst, the catalyst obtained by the separation with the separation component (10) moves down through the catalyst delivery pipe (16).

A process and method for removing hydrogen sulfide from a gas and regenerating ferric ions consumed in the hydrogen sulfide scrubbing process at low pH. A two-scrubber regenerative chemical scrubbing system for removing hydrogen sulfide from a gas that provides an economical system for removing hydrogen sulfide from a gas at low pH without the need for chelating agents. An oxide of manganese is used as a catalyst to enhance the regeneration of ferric ions in an aqueous solution under acidic conditions in the presence of oxygen. The process may further include contacting the aqueous solution with a second gas comprising air to replenish the dissolved oxygen in the aqueous solution. The regenerated solution comprising ferric ions can be reused to treat additional hydrogen sulfide containing gases.

In accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for regenerating and rejuvenating a spent catalyst comprising coke and contaminant metals includes washing the spent catalyst with a solvent; drying, at least partially, the spent catalyst; partially combusting the spent catalyst to remove a portion of the coke, thereby producing a partially de-coked catalyst; acid washing the partially de-coked catalyst; and fully combusting the partially de-coked catalyst, thereby producing a regenerated and rejuvenated catalyst. The portion of the coke removed during the partial combustion is greater than or equal to 10 wt. % and less than or equal to 60 wt. %. No rare earth elements are added to the partially de-coked catalyst prior to the fully combusting the partially de-coked catalyst.

There are provided methods of treating a catalyst-containing reactor system with a liquid solvent to remove contaminants from the reactor system. An exemplary method includes the steps of: isolating the reactor system to be treated from upstream and downstream equipment; reducing the temperature and pressure of the isolated reactor system by flushing with a hydrogen rich gas; injecting a non-aqueous liquid solvent into the reactor system at an injection point while continuously flowing hydrogen-rich gas through the reactor system; maintaining the solvent in a liquid state while flowing the solvent continuously through the reactor system; and terminating the step of injecting solvent and terminating the continuous flowing of hydrogen-rich gas. The exemplary method is free of the injecting of a carrier gas into the reactor system comprising alkanes selected from the methane, ethane, propane, butane and pentane.

There are provided methods of treating a catalyst-containing reactor system with a liquid solvent to remove contaminants from the reactor system. An exemplary method includes the steps of: isolating the reactor system to be treated from upstream and downstream equipment; reducing the temperature and pressure of the isolated reactor system by flushing with a hydrogen rich gas; injecting a non-aqueous liquid solvent into the reactor system at an injection point while continuously flowing hydrogen-rich gas through the reactor system; maintaining the solvent in a liquid state while flowing the solvent continuously through the reactor system; and terminating the step of injecting solvent and terminating the continuous flowing of hydrogen-rich gas. The exemplary method is free of the injecting of a carrier gas into the reactor system comprising alkanes selected from the methane, ethane, propane, butane and pentane.

Provided are a denitration catalyst regeneration method and a denitration catalyst regeneration system, which are capable of recovering denitration performance to a high level and reducing the SO.sub.2 oxidation rate of a catalyst. A denitration catalyst regeneration method according to the present invention includes: a chemical solution cleaning step for immersing a denitration catalyst in a chemical solution containing a fluorine compound and an inorganic acid; a step for extracting the denitration catalyst from the chemical solution; and a finish washing step for washing the denitration catalyst extracted from the chemical solution with a finish cleaning solution containing an organic acid.

The present disclosure relates to a method for regenerating a waste organic zinc catalyst by performing surface modification using a dicarboxylic acid and a zinc compound. When using the method for regenerating an organic zinc catalyst according to the present disclosure, the organic zinc catalyst can be regenerated using a convenient method which modifies the dicarboxylic acid and the zinc compound in an alternately repeated manner.

Compositions and methods for restoring catalytic activity by dissolving soft coke with a solvent, one method including detecting soft coke deposition on a catalyst composition; preparing an aromatic bottoms composition with a Hildebrand solubility parameter of at least about 20 SI to remove the soft coke from the catalyst composition; and washing the catalyst composition with the aromatic bottoms composition until at least a portion of the soft coke deposition is removed.